Start building more accurate vertex as compute usage info

- Fixes
Flip viewport based on screen scissor when Y negate is enabled
2026-10-06 01:38:57 +02:00 · 2026-08-29 17:43:28 -05:00 · 2026-08-29 17:43:27 -05:00 · 2026-08-29 17:43:27 -05:00 · 2026-08-29 17:43:27 -05:00 · 2026-08-29 17:43:27 -05:00
69 changed files with 1611 additions and 319 deletions
@@ -8,14 +8,14 @@
    <PackageVersion Include="Avalonia.Desktop" Version="12.1.1" />
    <PackageVersion Include="AvaloniaUI.DiagnosticsSupport" Version="2.2.3" />
    <PackageVersion Include="Avalonia.Markup.Xaml.Loader" Version="12.1.1" />
-    <PackageVersion Include="Svg.Controls.Avalonia" Version="12.0.0.13" />
-    <PackageVersion Include="Svg.Controls.Skia.Avalonia" Version="12.0.0.13" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="Svg.Controls.Avalonia" Version="12.0.0.15" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="Svg.Controls.Skia.Avalonia" Version="12.0.0.15" />
    <PackageVersion Include="CommandLineParser" Version="2.9.1" />
    <PackageVersion Include="CommunityToolkit.Mvvm" Version="8.4.2" />
    <PackageVersion Include="Concentus" Version="2.2.2" />
    <PackageVersion Include="DiscordRichPresence" Version="1.6.1.70" />
    <PackageVersion Include="DynamicData" Version="9.4.33" />
-    <PackageVersion Include="FluentAvaloniaUI" Version="3.0.2" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="FluentAvaloniaUI" Version="3.1.0" />
    <PackageVersion Include="Gommon" Version="2.8.1.2" />
    <PackageVersion Include="Humanizer" Version="3.0.10" />
    <PackageVersion Include="Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.Analyzers" Version="3.3.4" />
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
    <PackageVersion Include="SkiaSharp" Version="3.119.4" />
    <PackageVersion Include="SkiaSharp.NativeAssets.Linux" Version="3.119.4" />
    <PackageVersion Include="SPB" Version="0.0.4-build32" />
-    <PackageVersion Include="System.IO.Hashing" Version="10.0.10" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="System.IO.Hashing" Version="10.0.11" />
    <PackageVersion Include="UnicornEngine.Unicorn" Version="2.1.0" />
  </ItemGroup>
 </Project>
@@ -32,14 +32,11 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC
        private const string OuterHeaderMagicString = "PTCohd\0\0";
        private const string InnerHeaderMagicString = "PTCihd\0\0";

-        private const uint InternalVersion = 7020; //! To be incremented manually for each change to the ARMeilleure project.
+        private const uint InternalVersion = 7031; //! To be incremented manually for each change to the ARMeilleure project.

        private const string ActualDir = "0";
        private const string BackupDir = "1";

-        private const string TitleIdTextDefault = "0000000000000000";
-        private const string DisplayVersionDefault = "0";
-
        public static readonly Symbol PageTableSymbol = new(SymbolType.Special, 1);
        public static readonly Symbol CountTableSymbol = new(SymbolType.Special, 2);
        public static readonly Symbol DispatchStubSymbol = new(SymbolType.Special, 3);
@@ -67,8 +64,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC

        private bool _disposed;

-        public string TitleIdText { get; private set; }
-        public string DisplayVersion { get; private set; }
+        public PtcCacheInfo CacheInfo { get; private set; }

        private MemoryManagerType _memoryMode;

@@ -97,8 +93,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC

            _disposed = false;

-            TitleIdText = TitleIdTextDefault;
-            DisplayVersion = DisplayVersionDefault;
+            CacheInfo = new PtcCacheInfo(0, null, null, 0, null, "Unknown", "default");

            CachePathActual = string.Empty;
            CachePathBackup = string.Empty;
@@ -106,20 +101,24 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC
            Disable();
        }

-        public void Initialize(string titleIdText, string displayVersion, bool enabled, MemoryManagerType memoryMode, string cacheSelector)
+        public void Initialize(PtcCacheInfo cacheInfo, bool enabled, MemoryManagerType memoryMode)
        {
            Wait();

            Profiler.Wait();
            Profiler.ClearEntries();

-            Logger.Info?.Print(LogClass.Ptc, $"Initializing Profiled Persistent Translation Cache v{InternalVersion}\n\t\t (title: {titleIdText}, version: '{displayVersion}', selector: '{cacheSelector}', enabled: {enabled}).");
+            CacheInfo = cacheInfo;

-            if (!enabled || string.IsNullOrEmpty(titleIdText) || titleIdText == TitleIdTextDefault)
+            Logger.Info?.Print(
+                LogClass.Ptc,
+                $"Initializing Profiled Persistent Translation Cache v{InternalVersion}\n\t\t " +
+                $"(pid: {cacheInfo.ProcessId}, title: {cacheInfo.TitleIdText}, application: {cacheInfo.ApplicationIdText}, " +
+                $"programIndex: {cacheInfo.ProgramIndex}, version: '{cacheInfo.DisplayVersion}', kind: {cacheInfo.ProcessKind}, " +
+                $"selector: '{cacheInfo.CacheSelector}', key: '{cacheInfo.CacheKey}', enabled: {enabled}).");
+
+            if (!enabled || cacheInfo.TitleIdText == PtcCacheInfo.TitleIdTextDefault)
            {
-                TitleIdText = TitleIdTextDefault;
-                DisplayVersion = DisplayVersionDefault;
-
                CachePathActual = string.Empty;
                CachePathBackup = string.Empty;

@@ -128,12 +127,10 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC
                return;
            }

-            TitleIdText = titleIdText;
-            DisplayVersion = !string.IsNullOrEmpty(displayVersion) ? displayVersion : DisplayVersionDefault;
            _memoryMode = memoryMode;

-            string workPathActual = Path.Combine(AppDataManager.GamesDirPath, TitleIdText, "cache", "cpu", ActualDir);
-            string workPathBackup = Path.Combine(AppDataManager.GamesDirPath, TitleIdText, "cache", "cpu", BackupDir);
+            string workPathActual = Path.Combine(AppDataManager.GamesDirPath, CacheInfo.TitleIdText, "cache", "cpu", ActualDir);
+            string workPathBackup = Path.Combine(AppDataManager.GamesDirPath, CacheInfo.TitleIdText, "cache", "cpu", BackupDir);

            if (!Directory.Exists(workPathActual))
            {
@@ -145,8 +142,14 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC
                Directory.CreateDirectory(workPathBackup);
            }

-            CachePathActual = Path.Combine(workPathActual, DisplayVersion) + "-" + cacheSelector;
-            CachePathBackup = Path.Combine(workPathBackup, DisplayVersion) + "-" + cacheSelector;
+            CachePathActual = Path.Combine(workPathActual, CacheInfo.DisplayVersion) + "-" + CacheInfo.CacheSelector;
+            CachePathBackup = Path.Combine(workPathBackup, CacheInfo.DisplayVersion) + "-" + CacheInfo.CacheSelector;
+
+            Logger.Info?.Print(
+                LogClass.Ptc,
+                $"PPTC cache owner selected (pid: {CacheInfo.ProcessId}, title: {CacheInfo.TitleIdText}, application: {CacheInfo.ApplicationIdText}, " +
+                $"version: '{CacheInfo.DisplayVersion}', kind: {CacheInfo.ProcessKind}, selector: '{CacheInfo.CacheSelector}', " +
+                $"key: '{CacheInfo.CacheKey}', path: '{CachePathActual}').");

            PreLoad();
            Profiler.PreLoad();
@@ -370,7 +373,12 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC

            long fileSize = new FileInfo(fileName).Length;

-            Logger.Info?.Print(LogClass.Ptc, $"{(isBackup ? "Loaded Backup Translation Cache" : "Loaded Translation Cache")} (size: {fileSize} bytes, translated functions: {GetEntriesCount()}).");
+            Logger.Info?.Print(
+                LogClass.Ptc,
+                $"{(isBackup ? "Loaded Backup Translation Cache" : "Loaded Translation Cache")} " +
+                $"(pid: {CacheInfo.ProcessId}, title: {CacheInfo.TitleIdText}, version: '{CacheInfo.DisplayVersion}', kind: {CacheInfo.ProcessKind}, " +
+                $"selector: '{CacheInfo.CacheSelector}', key: '{CacheInfo.CacheKey}', path: '{fileName}', " +
+                $"size: {fileSize} bytes, translated functions: {GetEntriesCount()}).");

            return true;
        }
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC
+{
+    public readonly struct PtcCacheInfo
+    {
+        public const string TitleIdTextDefault = "0000000000000000";
+        public const string ApplicationIdTextDefault = "0000000000000000";
+        public const string DisplayVersionDefault = "0";
+
+        public ulong ProcessId { get; }
+        public string TitleIdText { get; }
+        public string ApplicationIdText { get; }
+        public byte ProgramIndex { get; }
+        public string DisplayVersion { get; }
+        public string ProcessKind { get; }
+        public string CacheSelector { get; }
+
+        public string CacheKey => $"{DisplayVersion}-{CacheSelector}";
+
+        public PtcCacheInfo(
+            ulong processId,
+            string titleIdText,
+            string applicationIdText,
+            byte programIndex,
+            string displayVersion,
+            string processKind,
+            string cacheSelector)
+        {
+            ProcessId = processId;
+            TitleIdText = !string.IsNullOrEmpty(titleIdText) ? titleIdText : TitleIdTextDefault;
+            ApplicationIdText = !string.IsNullOrEmpty(applicationIdText) ? applicationIdText : ApplicationIdTextDefault;
+            ProgramIndex = programIndex;
+            DisplayVersion = !string.IsNullOrEmpty(displayVersion) ? displayVersion : DisplayVersionDefault;
+            ProcessKind = processKind ?? string.Empty;
+            CacheSelector = string.IsNullOrEmpty(cacheSelector) ? "default" : cacheSelector;
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC
    {
        private const string OuterHeaderMagicString = "Pohd\0\0\0\0";

-        private const uint InternalVersion = 6698; //! Not to be incremented manually for each change to the ARMeilleure project.
+        private const uint InternalVersion = 7031; //! Not to be incremented manually for each change to the ARMeilleure project.

        private static readonly uint[] _migrateInternalVersions = 
        [
@@ -254,7 +254,12 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC

            long fileSize = new FileInfo(fileName).Length;

-            Logger.Info?.Print(LogClass.Ptc, $"{(isBackup ? "Loaded Backup Profiling Info" : "Loaded Profiling Info")} (size: {fileSize} bytes, profiled functions: {ProfiledFuncs.Count}).");
+            Logger.Info?.Print(
+                LogClass.Ptc,
+                $"{(isBackup ? "Loaded Backup Profiling Info" : "Loaded Profiling Info")} " +
+                $"(pid: {_ptc.CacheInfo.ProcessId}, title: {_ptc.CacheInfo.TitleIdText}, version: '{_ptc.CacheInfo.DisplayVersion}', " +
+                $"kind: {_ptc.CacheInfo.ProcessKind}, selector: '{_ptc.CacheInfo.CacheSelector}', key: '{_ptc.CacheInfo.CacheKey}', " +
+                $"path: '{fileName}', size: {fileSize} bytes, profiled functions: {ProfiledFuncs.Count}).");

            return true;
        }
@@ -375,7 +380,11 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC

            if (fileSize != 0L)
            {
-                Logger.Info?.Print(LogClass.Ptc, $"Saved Profiling Info (size: {fileSize} bytes, profiled functions: {profiledFuncsCount}).");
+                Logger.Info?.Print(
+                    LogClass.Ptc,
+                    $"Saved Profiling Info (pid: {_ptc.CacheInfo.ProcessId}, title: {_ptc.CacheInfo.TitleIdText}, version: '{_ptc.CacheInfo.DisplayVersion}', " +
+                    $"kind: {_ptc.CacheInfo.ProcessKind}, selector: '{_ptc.CacheInfo.CacheSelector}', key: '{_ptc.CacheInfo.CacheKey}', " +
+                    $"path: '{fileName}', size: {fileSize} bytes, profiled functions: {profiledFuncsCount}).");
            }
        }

@@ -61,9 +61,9 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation
            FunctionTable.Fill = (ulong)Stubs.SlowDispatchStub;
        }

-        public IPtcLoadState LoadDiskCache(string titleIdText, string displayVersion, bool enabled, string cacheSelector)
+        public IPtcLoadState LoadDiskCache(PtcCacheInfo cacheInfo, bool enabled)
        {
-            _ptc.Initialize(titleIdText, displayVersion, enabled, Memory.Type, cacheSelector);
+            _ptc.Initialize(cacheInfo, enabled, Memory.Type);
            return _ptc;
        }

@@ -413,6 +413,10 @@ namespace ARMeilleure.Translation

                        context.CurrOp = opCode;

+                        Operand nativeContext = context.LoadArgument(OperandType.I64, 0);
+                        Operand dispAddressAddr = context.Add(nativeContext, Const((ulong)NativeContext.GetDispatchAddressOffset()));
+                        context.Store(dispAddressAddr, Const(opCode.Address));
+
                        bool isLastOp = opcIndex == block.OpCodes.Count - 1;

                        if (isLastOp)
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using ARMeilleure.Memory;
+using ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC;
 using System.Runtime.Versioning;

 namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.AppleHv
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.AppleHv
        {
        }

-        public IDiskCacheLoadState LoadDiskCache(string titleIdText, string displayVersion, bool enabled, string cacheSelector)
+        public IDiskCacheLoadState LoadDiskCache(PtcCacheInfo cacheInfo, bool enabled)
        {
            return new DummyDiskCacheLoadState();
        }
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using System;
+using ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC;

 namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
 {
@@ -44,11 +45,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
        /// <remarks>
        /// If the execution engine is recompiling guest code, this can be used to load cached code from disk.
        /// </remarks>
-        /// <param name="titleIdText">Title ID of the application in padded hex form</param>
-        /// <param name="displayVersion">Version of the application</param>
+        /// <param name="cacheInfo">Identity and selector for the process-owned disk cache</param>
        /// <param name="enabled">True if the cache should be loaded from disk if it exists, false otherwise</param>
        /// <returns>Disk cache load progress reporter and manager</returns>
-        IDiskCacheLoadState LoadDiskCache(string titleIdText, string displayVersion, bool enabled, string cacheSelector);
+        IDiskCacheLoadState LoadDiskCache(PtcCacheInfo cacheInfo, bool enabled);

        /// <summary>
        /// Indicates that code has been loaded into guest memory, and that it might be executed in the future.
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 using ARMeilleure.Common;
 using ARMeilleure.Memory;
 using ARMeilleure.Translation;
+using ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC;
 using Ryujinx.Cpu.Signal;

 namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.Jit
@@ -51,9 +52,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.Jit
        }

        /// <inheritdoc/>
-        public IDiskCacheLoadState LoadDiskCache(string titleIdText, string displayVersion, bool enabled, string cacheSelector)
+        public IDiskCacheLoadState LoadDiskCache(PtcCacheInfo cacheInfo, bool enabled)
        {
-            return new JitDiskCacheLoadState(_translator.LoadDiskCache(titleIdText, displayVersion, enabled, cacheSelector));
+            return new JitDiskCacheLoadState(_translator.LoadDiskCache(cacheInfo, enabled));
        }

        /// <inheritdoc/>
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.LightningJit.Arm32
 {
    static class Decoder<T> where T : IInstEmit
    {
-        public static MultiBlock DecodeMulti(CpuPreset cpuPreset, IMemoryManager memoryManager, ulong address, bool isThumb)
+        public static MultiBlock DecodeMulti(CpuPreset cpuPreset, IMemoryManager memoryManager, ulong address, bool singleBlock, bool isThumb)
        {
            List<Block> blocks = [];
            List<ulong> branchTargets = [];
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.LightningJit.Arm32

                blocks.Add(block);

-                if (block.IsTruncated || !HasNextBlock(block, block.EndAddress - 4UL, branchTargets))
+                if (block.IsTruncated || (singleBlock && block.EndsWithBranch) || !HasNextBlock(block, block.EndAddress - 4UL, branchTargets))
                {
                    break;
                }
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.LightningJit.Arm32.Target.Arm64

        public static CompiledFunction Compile(CpuPreset cpuPreset, IMemoryManager memoryManager, ulong address, IAddressTable<ulong> funcTable, nint dispatchStubPtr, bool isThumb)
        {
-            MultiBlock multiBlock = Decoder<InstEmit>.DecodeMulti(cpuPreset, memoryManager, address, isThumb);
+            MultiBlock multiBlock = Decoder<InstEmit>.DecodeMulti(cpuPreset, memoryManager, address, singleBlock: true, isThumb);

            Dictionary<ulong, int> targets = new();

@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.LightningJit.Arm64.Target.Arm64

        public static CompiledFunction Compile(CpuPreset cpuPreset, IMemoryManager memoryManager, ulong address, IAddressTable<ulong> funcTable, nint dispatchStubPtr)
        {
-            MultiBlock multiBlock = Decoder.DecodeMulti(cpuPreset, memoryManager, address);
+            MultiBlock multiBlock = Decoder.DecodeMulti(cpuPreset, memoryManager, address, singleBlock: true);

            Dictionary<ulong, int> targets = new();
            List<PendingBranch> pendingBranches = [];
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.LightningJit.Arm64.Target.Arm64
        private const uint NzcvFlags = 0xfu << 28;
        private const uint CFlag = 0x1u << 29;

-        public static MultiBlock DecodeMulti(CpuPreset cpuPreset, IMemoryManager memoryManager, ulong address)
+        public static MultiBlock DecodeMulti(CpuPreset cpuPreset, IMemoryManager memoryManager, ulong address, bool singleBlock)
        {
            List<Block> blocks = [];
            List<ulong> branchTargets = [];
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.LightningJit.Arm64.Target.Arm64

                blocks.Add(block);

-                if (block.IsTruncated || !HasNextBlock(block, block.EndAddress - 4UL, branchTargets))
+                if (block.IsTruncated || (singleBlock && block.EndsWithBranch) || !HasNextBlock(block, block.EndAddress - 4UL, branchTargets))
                {
                    break;
                }
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 using ARMeilleure.Common;
 using ARMeilleure.Memory;
+using ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC;
 using Ryujinx.Cpu.Jit;
 using Ryujinx.Cpu.LightningJit.State;

@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.LightningJit
        }

        /// <inheritdoc/>
-        public IDiskCacheLoadState LoadDiskCache(string titleIdText, string displayVersion, bool enabled, string cacheSelector)
+        public IDiskCacheLoadState LoadDiskCache(PtcCacheInfo cacheInfo, bool enabled)
        {
            return new DummyDiskCacheLoadState();
        }
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
        public readonly bool SupportsGeometryShader;
        public readonly bool SupportsGeometryShaderPassthrough;
        public readonly bool SupportsTransformFeedback;
+        public readonly bool SupportsImageBufferPixelAlignment;
        public readonly bool SupportsImageLoadFormatted;
        public readonly bool SupportsLayerVertexTessellation;
        public readonly bool SupportsMismatchingViewFormat;
@@ -43,6 +44,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
        public readonly bool SupportsShaderBarrierDivergence;
        public readonly bool SupportsShaderFloat64;
        public readonly bool SupportsShaderNonUniformIndexing;
+        public readonly bool SupportsTextureBufferPixelAlignment;
        public readonly bool SupportsTextureGatherOffsets;
        public readonly bool SupportsTextureShadowLod;
        public readonly bool SupportsVertexStoreAndAtomics;
@@ -101,6 +103,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
            bool supportsGeometryShader,
            bool supportsGeometryShaderPassthrough,
            bool supportsTransformFeedback,
+            bool supportsImageBufferPixelAlignment,
            bool supportsImageLoadFormatted,
            bool supportsLayerVertexTessellation,
            bool supportsMismatchingViewFormat,
@@ -112,6 +115,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
            bool supportsShaderBarrierDivergence,
            bool supportsShaderFloat64,
            bool supportsShaderNonUniformIndexing,
+            bool supportsTextureBufferPixelAlignment,
            bool supportsTextureGatherOffsets,
            bool supportsTextureShadowLod,
            bool supportsVertexStoreAndAtomics,
@@ -164,6 +168,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
            SupportsGeometryShader = supportsGeometryShader;
            SupportsGeometryShaderPassthrough = supportsGeometryShaderPassthrough;
            SupportsTransformFeedback = supportsTransformFeedback;
+            SupportsImageBufferPixelAlignment = supportsImageBufferPixelAlignment;
            SupportsImageLoadFormatted = supportsImageLoadFormatted;
            SupportsLayerVertexTessellation = supportsLayerVertexTessellation;
            SupportsMismatchingViewFormat = supportsMismatchingViewFormat;
@@ -175,6 +180,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL
            SupportsShaderBarrierDivergence = supportsShaderBarrierDivergence;
            SupportsShaderFloat64 = supportsShaderFloat64;
            SupportsShaderNonUniformIndexing = supportsShaderNonUniformIndexing;
+            SupportsTextureBufferPixelAlignment = supportsTextureBufferPixelAlignment;
            SupportsTextureGatherOffsets = supportsTextureGatherOffsets;
            SupportsTextureShadowLod = supportsTextureShadowLod;
            SupportsVertexStoreAndAtomics = supportsVertexStoreAndAtomics;
@@ -16,19 +16,18 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL

    public static class TargetExtensions
    {
-        public static bool IsMultisample(this Target target)
+        extension(Target target)
        {
-            return target is Target.Texture2DMultisample or Target.Texture2DMultisampleArray;
-        }
+            public bool IsMultisample => target is Target.Texture2DMultisample or Target.Texture2DMultisampleArray;

-        public static bool HasDepthOrLayers(this Target target)
-        {
-            return target is Target.Texture3D
-                or Target.Texture1DArray
-                or Target.Texture2DArray
-                or Target.Texture2DMultisampleArray
-                or Target.Cubemap
-                or Target.CubemapArray;
+            public bool HasDepthOrLayers =>
+                target is 
+                    Target.Texture3D or
+                    Target.Texture1DArray or
+                    Target.Texture2DArray or
+                    Target.Texture2DMultisampleArray or
+                    Target.Cubemap or
+                    Target.CubemapArray;
        }
    }
 }
@@ -466,6 +466,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed

            engine.UpdateState(ulong.MaxValue & ~(1UL << StateUpdater.ShaderStateIndex));

+            _channel.TextureManager.SignalRenderTargetsModifiable();
            _channel.TextureManager.UpdateRenderTargets();

            int textureId = _state.State.DrawTextureTextureId;
@@ -803,7 +804,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
            int index = (argument >> 6) & 0xf;
            int layer = (argument >> 10) & 0x3ff;

-            RenderTargetUpdateFlags updateFlags = RenderTargetUpdateFlags.SingleColor;
+            RenderTargetUpdateFlags updateFlags = RenderTargetUpdateFlags.SingleColor | RenderTargetUpdateFlags.ForClear;

            if (layer != 0 || layerCount > 1)
            {
@@ -38,6 +38,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
        /// </summary>
        DiscardClip = 1 << 4,

+        /// <summary>
+        /// Indicates that the render target will be used for a clear operation.
+        /// </summary>
+        ForClear = 1 << 5,
+
        /// <summary>
        /// Default update flags for draw.
        /// </summary>
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
        private ProgramPipelineState _pipeline;

        private bool _fsReadsFragCoord;
+        private bool _fsAlwaysDiscards;
        private bool _vsUsesDrawParameters;
        private bool _vtgWritesRtLayer;
        private byte _vsClipDistancesWritten;
@@ -491,6 +492,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed

            Span<RtColorState> rtColorStateSpan = _state.State.RtColorState.AsSpan();

+            bool rtModifiable = updateFlags.HasFlag(RenderTargetUpdateFlags.ForClear) || !_fsAlwaysDiscards;
+
            for (int index = 0; index < Constants.TotalRenderTargets; index++)
            {
                int rtIndex = useControl ? rtControl.UnpackPermutationIndex(index) : index;
@@ -499,7 +502,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed

                if (index >= count || !IsRtEnabled(colorState) || (singleColor && index != singleUse))
                {
-                    changedScale |= _channel.TextureManager.SetRenderTargetColor(index, null);
+                    changedScale |= _channel.TextureManager.SetRenderTargetColor(index, null, rtModifiable);

                    continue;
                }
@@ -518,7 +521,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
                    samplesInY,
                    sizeHint);

-                changedScale |= _channel.TextureManager.SetRenderTargetColor(index, color);
+                changedScale |= _channel.TextureManager.SetRenderTargetColor(index, color, rtModifiable);

                if (color != null)
                {
@@ -572,7 +575,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
                }
            }

-            changedScale |= _channel.TextureManager.SetRenderTargetDepthStencil(depthStencil);
+            changedScale |= _channel.TextureManager.SetRenderTargetDepthStencil(depthStencil, rtModifiable);

            if (changedScale)
            {
@@ -774,6 +777,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
                float width = scaleX * 2;
                float height = scaleY * 2;

+                if (yNegate)
+                {
+                    y += _state.State.ScreenScissorState.Height - MathF.Abs(height);
+                }
+
                float scale = _channel.TextureManager.RenderTargetScale;
                if (scale != 1f)
                {
@@ -1517,20 +1525,38 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
                _currentProgramInfo[stageIndex] = info;
            }

-            if (gs.Shaders[5]?.Info.UsesFragCoord == true)
-            {
-                // Make sure we update the viewport size on the support buffer if it will be consumed on the new shader.
+            _fsReadsFragCoord = false;

-                if (!_fsReadsFragCoord && (_state.State.YControl & YControl.NegateY) != 0)
+            ShaderProgramInfo fragmentShaderInfo = gs.Shaders[5]?.Info;
+
+            if (fragmentShaderInfo != null)
+            {
+                if (fragmentShaderInfo.UsesFragCoord)
                {
-                    UpdateSupportBufferViewportSize();
+                    // Make sure we update the viewport size on the support buffer if it will be consumed on the new shader.
+
+                    if (!_fsReadsFragCoord && (_state.State.YControl & YControl.NegateY) != 0)
+                    {
+                        UpdateSupportBufferViewportSize();
+                    }
+
+                    _fsReadsFragCoord = true;
                }

-                _fsReadsFragCoord = true;
+                if (_fsAlwaysDiscards != fragmentShaderInfo.HasUnconditionalDiscard)
+                {
+                    _fsAlwaysDiscards = fragmentShaderInfo.HasUnconditionalDiscard;
+
+                    if (!_fsAlwaysDiscards)
+                    {
+                        _channel.TextureManager.RefreshModifiedTextures();
+                        _channel.TextureManager.SignalRenderTargetsModifiable();
+                    }
+                }
            }
            else
            {
-                _fsReadsFragCoord = false;
+                _fsAlwaysDiscards = false;
            }

            if (gs.VertexAsCompute != null)
@@ -1117,7 +1117,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
        /// <returns>True if data was flushed, false otherwise</returns>
        public bool FlushModified(bool tracked = true)
        {
-            return TextureCompatibility.CanTextureFlush(this, _context.Capabilities) && Group.FlushModified(this, tracked);
+            return TextureCompatibility.CanTextureFlush(Info, _context.Capabilities) && Group.FlushModified(this, tracked);
        }

        /// <summary>
@@ -1131,7 +1131,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
        /// <param name="tracked">Whether or not the flush triggers write tracking. If it doesn't, the texture will not be blacklisted for scaling either.</param>
        public void Flush(bool tracked)
        {
-            if (TextureCompatibility.CanTextureFlush(this, _context.Capabilities))
+            if (TextureCompatibility.CanTextureFlush(Info, _context.Capabilities))
            {
                FlushTextureDataToGuest(tracked);
            }
@@ -1336,7 +1336,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
            {
                result = TextureCompatibility.PropagateViewCompatibility(result, TextureCompatibility.ViewTargetCompatible(Info, info, ref caps));

-                bool bothMs = Info.Target.IsMultisample() && info.Target.IsMultisample();
+                bool bothMs = Info.Target.IsMultisample && info.Target.IsMultisample;
                if (bothMs && (Info.SamplesInX != info.SamplesInX || Info.SamplesInY != info.SamplesInY))
                {
                    result = TextureViewCompatibility.Incompatible;
@@ -1572,11 +1572,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
        /// <param name="bound">True if the texture has been bound, false if it has been unbound</param>
        public void SignalModifying(bool bound)
        {
-            if (bound)
-            {
-                _scaledSetScore = Math.Max(0, _scaledSetScore - 1);
-            }
-
            if (_modifiedStale || Group.HasCopyDependencies || Group.HasFlushBuffer)
            {
                _modifiedStale = false;
@@ -1584,9 +1579,18 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
            }

            _physicalMemory.TextureCache.Lift(this);
+        }

+        /// <summary>
+        /// Signals that a render target texture has been either bound or unbound.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="bound">True if the texture has been bound, false if it has been unbound</param>
+        public void SignalBindingChange(bool bound)
+        {
            if (bound)
            {
+                _scaledSetScore = Math.Max(0, _scaledSetScore - 1);
+
                IncrementReferenceCount();
            }
            else
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Types;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader;
+using Ryujinx.Memory.Range;
 using System;
 using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
@@ -67,6 +68,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image

        private int _lastFragmentTotal;

+        private readonly int _bufferTextureAlignment;
+        private readonly int _bufferImageAlignment;
+
        /// <summary>
        /// Constructs a new instance of the texture bindings manager.
        /// </summary>
@@ -108,6 +112,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
            }

            _textureCounts = [];
+
+            int alignment = context.Capabilities.TextureBufferOffsetAlignment;
+            _bufferTextureAlignment = context.Capabilities.SupportsTextureBufferPixelAlignment ? 0 : alignment;
+            _bufferImageAlignment = context.Capabilities.SupportsImageBufferPixelAlignment ? 0 : alignment;
        }

        /// <summary>
@@ -521,10 +529,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image

                if (hostTexture != null && texture.Target == Target.TextureBuffer)
                {
+                    MultiRange range = GetAlignedBufferTextureRange(texture, index, stageIndex, false);
+
                    // Ensure that the buffer texture is using the correct buffer as storage.
                    // Buffers are frequently re-created to accommodate larger data, so we need to re-bind
                    // to ensure we're not using a old buffer that was already deleted.
-                    _channel.BufferManager.SetBufferTextureStorage(stage, hostTexture, texture.Range, bindingInfo, false);
+                    _channel.BufferManager.SetBufferTextureStorage(stage, hostTexture, range, bindingInfo, false);

                    // Cache is not used for buffer texture, it must always rebind.
                    state.CachedTexture = null;
@@ -659,7 +669,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                    // Buffers are frequently re-created to accommodate larger data, so we need to re-bind
                    // to ensure we're not using a old buffer that was already deleted.

-                    _channel.BufferManager.SetBufferTextureStorage(stage, hostTexture, texture.Range, bindingInfo, true);
+                    MultiRange range = GetAlignedBufferTextureRange(texture, index, stageIndex, true);
+
+                    _channel.BufferManager.SetBufferTextureStorage(stage, hostTexture, range, bindingInfo, true);

                    // Cache is not used for buffer texture, it must always rebind.
                    state.CachedTexture = null;
@@ -692,6 +704,61 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
            return specStateMatches;
        }

+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the aligned address of the texture according to the host requirements.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="texture">Texture to have its address aligned</param>
+        /// <param name="index">Index of the texture in the shader</param>
+        /// <param name="stageIndex">Index of the shader stage</param>
+        /// <param name="isImage">True if the texture is bound as image, false for sampled textures</param>
+        /// <returns>Aligned address and size of the buffer texture</returns>
+        private MultiRange GetAlignedBufferTextureRange(Texture texture, int index, int stageIndex, bool isImage)
+        {
+            MultiRange range = texture.Range;
+            int alignment = isImage ? _bufferImageAlignment : _bufferTextureAlignment;
+
+            if (alignment != 0)
+            {
+                MemoryRange firstRange = range.GetSubRange(0);
+                ulong misalign = firstRange.Address & ((ulong)alignment - 1);
+                int offset = misalign != 0 ? (int)misalign / texture.Info.FormatInfo.BytesPerPixel : 0;
+
+                if (misalign != 0)
+                {
+                    firstRange = new MemoryRange(firstRange.Address - misalign, firstRange.Size + misalign);
+
+                    if (range.Count > 1)
+                    {
+                        MemoryRange[] ranges = new MemoryRange[range.Count];
+
+                        ranges[0] = firstRange;
+
+                        for (int i = 1; i < range.Count; i++)
+                        {
+                            ranges[i] = range.GetSubRange(i);
+                        }
+
+                        range = new MultiRange(ranges);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        range = new MultiRange(firstRange.Address, firstRange.Size);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (isImage)
+                {
+                    _context.SupportBufferUpdater.UpdateBufferImageOffset(stageIndex, index, offset);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    _context.SupportBufferUpdater.UpdateBufferTextureOffset(stageIndex, index, offset);
+                }
+            }
+
+            return range;
+        }
+
        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the texture descriptor for a given texture handle.
        /// </summary>
@@ -195,16 +195,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
            return true;
        }

-        /// <summary>
-        /// Determines whether a texture can flush its data back to guest memory.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="info">Texture that will have its data flushed</param>
-        /// <param name="caps">Host GPU Capabilities</param>
-        /// <returns>True if the texture can flush, false otherwise</returns>
-        public static bool CanTextureFlush(Texture texture, in Capabilities caps)
-        {
-            return !texture.HasImportOverride() && CanTextureFlush(texture.Info, caps);
-        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Determines whether a texture can flush its data back to guest memory.
@@ -212,14 +202,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
        /// <param name="info">Texture information</param>
        /// <param name="caps">Host GPU Capabilities</param>
        /// <returns>True if the texture can flush, false otherwise</returns>
-        private static bool CanTextureFlush(TextureInfo info, in Capabilities caps)
+       public static bool CanTextureFlush(TextureInfo info, Capabilities caps)
        {
-            if (IsFormatHostIncompatible(info, in caps))
+            if (IsFormatHostIncompatible(info, caps))
            {
                return false; // Flushing this format is not supported, as it may have been converted to another host format.
            }

-            if (info.Target is Target.Texture2DMultisample or Target.Texture2DMultisampleArray)
+            if (info.Target is Target.Texture2DMultisample or
+                Target.Texture2DMultisampleArray)
            {
                return false; // Flushing multisample textures is not supported, the host does not allow getting their data.
            }
@@ -381,12 +372,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
            }

            // Some APIs align the width for copy and render target textures,
-            // so the width may not match in this case for different uses of the same texture.
+            // so the width may not match for different uses of the same texture.
            // To account for this, we compare the aligned width here.
-            // We expect height to always match exactly, if the texture is the same.
+            // However, matching block footprints are not sufficient for compressed textures;
+            // their logical dimensions must also match.
            if (alignedWidthMatches && lhsSize.Height == rhsSize.Height)
            {
-                return (exact && lhsSize.Width != rhsSize.Width) || lhsSize.Width < rhsSize.Width
+                return ((lhs.FormatInfo.IsCompressed || rhs.FormatInfo.IsCompressed) &&
+                        (Math.Max(1, lhs.Width >> level) != rhs.Width || Math.Max(1, lhs.Height >> level) != rhs.Height)) ||
+                       (exact && lhsSize.Width != rhsSize.Width) || lhsSize.Width < rhsSize.Width
                    ? TextureViewCompatibility.CopyOnly
                    : result;
            }
@@ -397,7 +391,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image

                return stride == rhs.Stride ? TextureViewCompatibility.CopyOnly : TextureViewCompatibility.LayoutIncompatible;
            }
-            else if (lhs.Target.IsMultisample() != rhs.Target.IsMultisample() && alignedWidthMatches && lhsAlignedSize.Height == rhsAlignedSize.Height)
+            else if (lhs.Target.IsMultisample != rhs.Target.IsMultisample && alignedWidthMatches && lhsAlignedSize.Height == rhsAlignedSize.Height)
            {
                // Copy between multisample and non-multisample textures with mismatching size is allowed,
                // as long aligned size matches.
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
            _allOffsets = size.AllOffsets;
            _sliceSizes = size.SliceSizes;

-            if (Storage.Target.HasDepthOrLayers() && Storage.Info.GetSlices() > GranularLayerThreshold)
+            if (Storage.Target.HasDepthOrLayers && Storage.Info.GetSlices() > GranularLayerThreshold)
            {
                _hasLayerViews = true;
                _hasMipViews = true;
@@ -182,7 +182,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
        {
            foreach (TextureIncompatibleOverlap overlap in _incompatibleOverlaps)
            {
-                if (overlap.Compatibility <= TextureViewCompatibility.LayoutIncompatible)
+                // LayoutIncompatible and better may still use a regular texture copy dependency.
+                // Fully Incompatible pairs are not copy compatible in general, but may still qualify for an
+                // exact raw byte copy dependency (checked internally by CreateCopyDependency) when they map
+                // to exactly the same guest memory, such as differently typed/sized aliases of the same data.
+                if (overlap.Compatibility <= TextureViewCompatibility.Incompatible)
                {
                    CreateCopyDependency(overlap.Group, false, overlap.Compatibility);
                }
@@ -226,7 +230,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
            }
        }

-
        /// <summary>
        /// Flushes incompatible overlaps if the storage format requires it, and they have been modified.
        /// This allows unsupported host formats to accept data written to format aliased textures.
@@ -324,7 +327,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
        {
            FlushIncompatibleOverlapsIfNeeded();

-            EvaluateRelevantHandles(texture, (baseHandle, regionCount, split, _) =>
+            EvaluateRelevantHandles(texture, (baseHandle, regionCount, split, bound) =>
            {
                bool dirty = false;
                bool anyModified = false;
@@ -479,7 +482,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
        /// <param name="texture">The texture to synchronize dependents of</param>
        public void SynchronizeDependents(Texture texture)
        {
-            EvaluateRelevantHandles(texture, (baseHandle, regionCount, _, _) =>
+            EvaluateRelevantHandles(texture, (baseHandle, regionCount, split, bound) =>
            {
                for (int i = 0; i < regionCount; i++)
                {
@@ -571,7 +574,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
            tracked = tracked || ShouldFlushTriggerTracking();
            bool flushed = false;

-            EvaluateRelevantHandles(texture, (baseHandle, regionCount, split, _) =>
+            EvaluateRelevantHandles(texture, (baseHandle, regionCount, split, bound) =>
            {
                int startSlice = 0;
                int endSlice = 0;
@@ -652,14 +655,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image

            if (_flushBuffer == BufferHandle.Null)
            {
-                if (!TextureCompatibility.CanTextureFlush(Storage, _context.Capabilities))
+                if (!TextureCompatibility.CanTextureFlush(Storage.Info, _context.Capabilities))
                {
                    return;
                }

                bool canImport = Storage.Info.IsLinear && Storage.Info.Stride >= Storage.Info.Width * Storage.Info.FormatInfo.BytesPerPixel;

-                IntPtr hostPointer = canImport ? _physicalMemory.GetHostPointer(Storage.Range) : 0;
+                nint hostPointer = canImport ? _physicalMemory.GetHostPointer(Storage.Range) : 0;

                if (hostPointer != 0 && _context.Renderer.PrepareHostMapping(hostPointer, Storage.Size))
                {
@@ -716,7 +719,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image

            ClearIncompatibleOverlaps(texture);

-            EvaluateRelevantHandles(texture, (baseHandle, regionCount, _, _) =>
+            EvaluateRelevantHandles(texture, (baseHandle, regionCount, split, bound) =>
            {
                for (int i = 0; i < regionCount; i++)
                {
@@ -1049,7 +1052,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
            int endOffset = _allOffsets[viewEnd] + _sliceSizes[lastLevel];
            int size = endOffset - offset;

-            List<RegionHandle> result = new();
+            List<RegionHandle> result = [];

            for (int i = 0; i < TextureRange.Count; i++)
            {
@@ -1163,7 +1166,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
            SignalAllDirty();
        }

-
        /// <summary>
        /// Removes a view from the group, removing it from all overlap lists.
        /// </summary>
@@ -1385,7 +1387,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image

                if (_is3D)
                {
-                    List<TextureGroupHandle> handlesList = new();
+                    List<TextureGroupHandle> handlesList = [];

                    for (int i = 0; i < levelHandles; i++)
                    {
@@ -1468,15 +1470,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
            // Get the location of each texture within its storage, so we can find the handles to apply the dependency to.
            // This can consist of multiple disjoint regions, for example if this is a mip slice of an array texture.

-            List<(int BaseHandle, int RegionCount)> targetRange = new();
-            List<(int BaseHandle, int RegionCount)> otherRange = new();
+            List<(int BaseHandle, int RegionCount)> targetRange = [];
+            List<(int BaseHandle, int RegionCount)> otherRange = [];

-            EvaluateRelevantHandles(firstLayer, firstLevel, other.Info.GetSlices(), other.Info.Levels, (baseHandle, regionCount, _, _) =>
+            EvaluateRelevantHandles(firstLayer, firstLevel, other.Info.GetSlices(), other.Info.Levels, (baseHandle, regionCount, split, specialData) =>
            {
                targetRange.Add((baseHandle, regionCount));
                return true;
            }, out _);
-            otherGroup.EvaluateRelevantHandles(other, (baseHandle, regionCount, _, _) =>
+            otherGroup.EvaluateRelevantHandles(other, (baseHandle, regionCount, split, specialData) =>
            {
                otherRange.Add((baseHandle, regionCount));
                return true;
@@ -1601,7 +1603,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                        TextureInfo info = Storage.Info;
                        TextureInfo otherInfo = other.Storage.Info;

-                        bool textureCopy = TextureCompatibility.ViewLayoutCompatible(info, otherInfo, level, otherLevel) &&
+                        // ViewLayoutCompatible/CopySizeMatches only reason about textures with some genuine
+                        // format relationship (LayoutIncompatible or better) - they are not aware of, and must
+                        // never be used to justify, a plain texture-to-texture copy (which some backends
+                        // implement via a reinterpreting view) between fully Incompatible aliases such as a
+                        // depth format and an unrelated color format. For Incompatible pairs, only the strict
+                        // raw byte copy dependency below (which explicitly excludes depth/stencil formats) may
+                        // be used.
+                        bool textureCopy = compatibility != TextureViewCompatibility.Incompatible &&
+                            TextureCompatibility.ViewLayoutCompatible(info, otherInfo, level, otherLevel) &&
                            TextureCompatibility.CopySizeMatches(info, otherInfo, level, otherLevel);

                        if (textureCopy || rawCopy)
@@ -1659,9 +1669,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
        {
            if (!_incompatibleOverlaps.Any(overlap => overlap.Group == other.Group))
            {
-                if (copy && other.Compatibility <= TextureViewCompatibility.LayoutIncompatible)
+                if (copy && other.Compatibility <= TextureViewCompatibility.Incompatible)
                {
                    // Any of the group's views may share compatibility, even if the parents do not fully.
+                    // Fully Incompatible groups are also let through here, since CreateCopyDependency will
+                    // fall back to an exact raw byte copy dependency for them when the strict requirements
+                    // for one are met (see CanCreateRawCopyDependency).
                    CreateCopyDependency(other.Group, false, other.Compatibility);
                }

@@ -1763,7 +1776,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                    }
                }

-                if (TextureCompatibility.CanTextureFlush(Storage, _context.Capabilities) && !(inBuffer && _flushBufferImported))
+                if (TextureCompatibility.CanTextureFlush(Storage.Info, _context.Capabilities) && !(inBuffer && _flushBufferImported))
                {
                    FlushSliceRange(false, handle.BaseSlice, handle.BaseSlice + handle.SliceCount, inBuffer, Storage.GetFlushTexture());
                }
@@ -1803,4 +1816,3 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
        }
    }
 }
-
@@ -717,6 +717,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                }

                DeferredCopy = old.DeferredCopy;
+                DeferredCopyRaw = old.DeferredCopyRaw;
            }
        }

@@ -19,12 +19,39 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
        private readonly TexturePoolCache _texturePoolCache;
        private readonly SamplerPoolCache _samplerPoolCache;

+        /// <summary>
+        /// Bound render target texture modification report state.
+        /// </summary>
+        [Flags]
+        private enum BindState : byte
+        {
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Render target texture has not been signalled for modification, and can't be modified on the next render operations.
+            /// </summary>
+            None = 0,
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Render target texture has been signalled for modification.
+            /// </summary>
+            Bound = 1 << 0,
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Render target texture might be modified on the next render operations.
+            /// </summary>
+            Modified = 1 << 1,
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Render target texture has been signalled for modification and might be modified on the next render operations.
+            /// </summary>
+            BoundModified = Bound | Modified,
+        }
+
        private readonly Texture[] _rtColors;
        private readonly ITexture[] _rtHostColors;
-        private readonly bool[] _rtColorsBound;
+        private readonly BindState[] _rtColorsBound;
        private Texture _rtDepthStencil;
        private ITexture _rtHostDs;
-        private bool _rtDsBound;
+        private BindState _rtDsBound;

        public int ClipRegionWidth { get; private set; }
        public int ClipRegionHeight { get; private set; }
@@ -55,7 +82,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image

            _rtColors = new Texture[Constants.TotalRenderTargets];
            _rtHostColors = new ITexture[Constants.TotalRenderTargets];
-            _rtColorsBound = new bool[Constants.TotalRenderTargets];
+            _rtColorsBound = new BindState[Constants.TotalRenderTargets];
        }

        /// <summary>
@@ -151,27 +178,39 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="index">The index of the color buffer to set (up to 8)</param>
        /// <param name="color">The color buffer texture</param>
+        /// <param name="modified">Indicates if the following render operations will modidify <paramref name="color"/> contents</param>
        /// <returns>True if render target scale must be updated.</returns>
-        public bool SetRenderTargetColor(int index, Texture color)
+        public bool SetRenderTargetColor(int index, Texture color, bool modified)
        {
            bool hasValue = color != null;
            bool changesScale = (hasValue != (_rtColors[index] != null)) || (hasValue && RenderTargetScale != color.ScaleFactor);

            if (_rtColors[index] != color)
            {
-                if (_rtColorsBound[index])
+                Texture oldColor = _rtColors[index];
+
+                if (oldColor != null)
                {
-                    _rtColors[index]?.SignalModifying(false);
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    _rtColorsBound[index] = true;
+                    if (_rtColorsBound[index].HasFlag(BindState.Bound))
+                    {
+                        oldColor.SignalModifying(false);
+                    }
+
+                    oldColor.SignalBindingChange(false);
                }

+                _rtColorsBound[index] = modified ? BindState.BoundModified : BindState.None;
+
                if (color != null)
                {
                    color.SynchronizeMemory();
-                    color.SignalModifying(true);
+
+                    if (modified)
+                    {
+                        color.SignalModifying(true);
+                    }
+
+                    color.SignalBindingChange(true);
                }

                _rtColors[index] = color;
@@ -184,27 +223,39 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
        /// Sets the render target depth-stencil buffer.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="depthStencil">The depth-stencil buffer texture</param>
+        /// <param name="modified">Indicates if the following render operations will modidify <paramref name="depthStencil"/> contents</param>
        /// <returns>True if render target scale must be updated.</returns>
-        public bool SetRenderTargetDepthStencil(Texture depthStencil)
+        public bool SetRenderTargetDepthStencil(Texture depthStencil, bool modified)
        {
            bool hasValue = depthStencil != null;
            bool changesScale = (hasValue != (_rtDepthStencil != null)) || (hasValue && RenderTargetScale != depthStencil.ScaleFactor);

            if (_rtDepthStencil != depthStencil)
            {
-                if (_rtDsBound)
+                Texture oldDepthStencil = _rtDepthStencil;
+
+                if (oldDepthStencil != null)
                {
-                    _rtDepthStencil?.SignalModifying(false);
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    _rtDsBound = true;
+                    if (_rtDsBound.HasFlag(BindState.Bound))
+                    {
+                        oldDepthStencil.SignalModifying(false);
+                    }
+
+                    oldDepthStencil.SignalBindingChange(false);
                }

+                _rtDsBound = modified ? BindState.BoundModified : BindState.None;
+
                if (depthStencil != null)
                {
                    depthStencil.SynchronizeMemory();
-                    depthStencil.SignalModifying(true);
+
+                    if (modified)
+                    {
+                        depthStencil.SignalModifying(true);
+                    }
+
+                    depthStencil.SignalBindingChange(true);
                }

                _rtDepthStencil = depthStencil;
@@ -443,10 +494,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
            {
                hostDsTexture = dsTexture.HostTexture;

-                if (!_rtDsBound)
+                if (_rtDsBound == BindState.Modified)
                {
                    dsTexture.SignalModifying(true);
-                    _rtDsBound = true;
+                    _rtDsBound |= BindState.Bound;
                }
            }

@@ -470,10 +521,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                {
                    hostTexture = texture.HostTexture;

-                    if (!_rtColorsBound[index])
+                    if (_rtColorsBound[index] == BindState.Modified)
                    {
                        texture.SignalModifying(true);
-                        _rtColorsBound[index] = true;
+                        _rtColorsBound[index] |= BindState.Bound;
                    }
                }

@@ -518,24 +569,37 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
        {
            Texture dsTexture = _rtDepthStencil;

-            if (dsTexture != null && _rtDsBound)
+            if (dsTexture != null && _rtDsBound.HasFlag(BindState.Bound))
            {
                dsTexture.SignalModifying(false);
-                _rtDsBound = false;
+                _rtDsBound &= ~BindState.Bound;
            }

            for (int index = 0; index < _rtColors.Length; index++)
            {
                Texture texture = _rtColors[index];

-                if (texture != null && _rtColorsBound[index])
+                if (texture != null && _rtColorsBound[index].HasFlag(BindState.Bound))
                {
                    texture.SignalModifying(false);
-                    _rtColorsBound[index] = false;
+                    _rtColorsBound[index] &= ~BindState.Bound;
                }
            }
        }

+        /// <summary>
+        /// Indicates that the currently bound render targets might be modified, if they are used on the next render operation.
+        /// </summary>
+        public void SignalRenderTargetsModifiable()
+        {
+            _rtDsBound |= BindState.Modified;
+
+            for (int index = 0; index < _rtColorsBound.Length; index++)
+            {
+                _rtColorsBound[index] |= BindState.Modified;
+            }
+        }
+
        /// <summary>
        /// Forces the texture and sampler pools to be re-loaded from the cache on next use.
        /// </summary>
@@ -572,19 +636,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image

            for (int i = 0; i < _rtColors.Length; i++)
            {
-                if (_rtColorsBound[i])
-                {
-                    _rtColors[i]?.DecrementReferenceCount();
-                }
-
+                _rtColors[i]?.DecrementReferenceCount();
                _rtColors[i] = null;
            }

-            if (_rtDsBound)
-            {
-                _rtDepthStencil?.DecrementReferenceCount();
-            }
-
+            _rtDepthStencil?.DecrementReferenceCount();
            _rtDepthStencil = null;
        }
    }
@@ -129,6 +129,38 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
            }
        }

+        /// <summary>
+        /// Updates the offset used for accessing buffer textures that are not aligned to the host requirements.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="stageIndex">Index of the shader stage where the texture is used</param>
+        /// <param name="bindingIndex">Index of the texture binding in the shader</param>
+        /// <param name="offset">Offset for the misaligned part of the address</param>
+        public void UpdateBufferTextureOffset(int stageIndex, int bindingIndex, int offset)
+        {
+            if (_data.BufferTextureOffset[stageIndex][bindingIndex].X != offset)
+            {
+                _data.BufferTextureOffset[stageIndex][bindingIndex].X = offset;
+                int index = stageIndex * SupportBuffer.TextureCount + bindingIndex;
+                MarkDirty(SupportBuffer.BufferTextureOffsetOffset + index * sizeof(int) * 4, sizeof(int));
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Updates the offset used for accessing buffer images that are not aligned to the host requirements.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="stageIndex">Index of the shader stage where the image is used</param>
+        /// <param name="bindingIndex">Index of the image binding in the shader</param>
+        /// <param name="offset">Offset for the misaligned part of the address</param>
+        public void UpdateBufferImageOffset(int stageIndex, int bindingIndex, int offset)
+        {
+            if (_data.BufferTextureOffset[stageIndex][bindingIndex].Y != offset)
+            {
+                _data.BufferTextureOffset[stageIndex][bindingIndex].Y = offset;
+                int index = stageIndex * SupportBuffer.TextureCount + bindingIndex;
+                MarkDirty(SupportBuffer.BufferTextureOffsetOffset + index * sizeof(int) * 4 + sizeof(int), sizeof(int));
+            }
+        }
+
        /// <summary>
        /// Sets whether the format of a given render target is a BGRA format.
        /// </summary>
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
        private const ushort FileFormatVersionMajor = 1;
        private const ushort FileFormatVersionMinor = 2;
        private const uint FileFormatVersionPacked = ((uint)FileFormatVersionMajor << 16) | FileFormatVersionMinor;
-        private const uint CodeGenVersion = 7354;
+        private const uint CodeGenVersion = 6371;

        private const string SharedTocFileName = "shared.toc";
        private const string SharedDataFileName = "shared.data";
@@ -170,6 +170,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
            /// </summary>
            public bool UsesRtLayer;

+            /// <summary>
+            /// Indicates that the fragment shader always discards the fragment, not producing any output for the bound render targets.
+            /// </summary>
+            public bool HasUnconditionalDiscard;
+
            /// <summary>
            /// Bit mask with the clip distances written on the vertex stage.
            /// </summary>
@@ -806,6 +811,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
                dataInfo.UsesInstanceId,
                dataInfo.UsesDrawParameters,
                dataInfo.UsesRtLayer,
+                dataInfo.HasUnconditionalDiscard,
                dataInfo.ClipDistancesWritten,
                dataInfo.FragmentOutputMap);
        }
@@ -836,6 +842,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader.DiskCache
                UsesInstanceId = info.UsesInstanceId,
                UsesDrawParameters = info.UsesDrawParameters,
                UsesRtLayer = info.UsesRtLayer,
+                HasUnconditionalDiscard = info.HasUnconditionalDiscard,
                ClipDistancesWritten = info.ClipDistancesWritten,
                FragmentOutputMap = info.FragmentOutputMap,
            };
@@ -207,6 +207,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader

        public bool QueryHostSupportsBgraFormat() => _context.Capabilities.SupportsBgraFormat;

+        public bool QueryHostSupportsBufferImagePixelAlignment() => _context.Capabilities.SupportsImageBufferPixelAlignment;
+
+        public bool QueryHostSupportsBufferTexturePixelAlignment() => _context.Capabilities.SupportsTextureBufferPixelAlignment;
+
        public bool QueryHostSupportsFragmentShaderInterlock() => _context.Capabilities.SupportsFragmentShaderInterlock;

        public bool QueryHostSupportsFragmentShaderOrderingIntel() => _context.Capabilities.SupportsFragmentShaderOrderingIntel;
@@ -430,7 +430,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader

                            TranslatorContext lastInVertexPipeline = geometryToCompute ? translatorContexts[4] ?? currentStage : currentStage;

-                            program = lastInVertexPipeline.GenerateVertexPassthroughForCompute();
+                            (program, ShaderProgramInfo vacInfo) = lastInVertexPipeline.GenerateVertexPassthroughForCompute();
+                            infoBuilder.AddStageInfoVac(vacInfo);
                        }
                        else
                        {
@@ -535,7 +536,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
        private ShaderAsCompute CreateHostVertexAsComputeProgram(ShaderProgram program, TranslatorContext context, bool tfEnabled)
        {
            ShaderSource source = new(program.Code, program.BinaryCode, ShaderStage.Compute, program.Language);
-            ShaderInfo info = ShaderInfoBuilder.BuildForVertexAsCompute(_context, program.Info, tfEnabled);
+            ShaderInfo info = ShaderInfoBuilder.BuildForVertexAsCompute(_context, program.Info, context.GetVertexAsComputeInfo(), tfEnabled);

            return new(_context.Renderer.CreateProgram([source], info), program.Info, context.GetResourceReservations());
        }
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
        private void PopulateDescriptorAndUsages(ResourceStages stages, ResourceType type, int setIndex, int start, int count, bool write = false)
        {
            AddDescriptor(stages, type, setIndex, start, count);
-            AddUsage(stages, type, setIndex, start, count, write);
+            // AddUsage(stages, type, setIndex, start, count, write);
        }

        /// <summary>
@@ -159,6 +159,25 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
            AddUsage(info.Images, stages, isImage: true);
        }

+        public void AddStageInfoVac(ShaderProgramInfo info)
+        {
+            ResourceStages stages = info.Stage switch
+            {
+                ShaderStage.Compute => ResourceStages.Compute,
+                ShaderStage.Vertex => ResourceStages.Vertex,
+                ShaderStage.TessellationControl => ResourceStages.TessellationControl,
+                ShaderStage.TessellationEvaluation => ResourceStages.TessellationEvaluation,
+                ShaderStage.Geometry => ResourceStages.Geometry,
+                ShaderStage.Fragment => ResourceStages.Fragment,
+                _ => ResourceStages.None,
+            };
+
+            AddUsage(info.CBuffers, stages, isStorage: false);
+            AddUsage(info.SBuffers, stages, isStorage: true);
+            AddUsage(info.Textures, stages, isImage: false);
+            AddUsage(info.Images, stages, isImage: true);
+        }
+
        /// <summary>
        /// Adds a resource descriptor to the list of descriptors.
        /// </summary>
@@ -422,10 +441,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
        /// <param name="tfEnabled">Indicates if the graphics shader is used with transform feedback enabled</param>
        /// <param name="fromCache">True if the compute shader comes from a disk cache, false otherwise</param>
        /// <returns>Shader information</returns>
-        public static ShaderInfo BuildForVertexAsCompute(GpuContext context, ShaderProgramInfo info, bool tfEnabled, bool fromCache = false)
+        public static ShaderInfo BuildForVertexAsCompute(GpuContext context, ShaderProgramInfo info, ShaderProgramInfo info2, bool tfEnabled, bool fromCache = false)
        {
            ShaderInfoBuilder builder = new(context, tfEnabled, vertexAsCompute: true);

+            builder.AddStageInfoVac(info2);
            builder.AddStageInfo(info, vertexAsCompute: true);

            return builder.Build(null, fromCache);
@@ -20,6 +20,27 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL
        private int _colorsCount;
        private bool _dualSourceBlend;

+        public bool HasAttachments
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (_depthStencil != null)
+                {
+                    return true;
+                }
+
+                for (int index = 0; index < _colors.Length; index++)
+                {
+                    if (_colors[index] != null)
+                    {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
        public Framebuffer()
        {
            Handle = GL.GenFramebuffer();
@@ -34,6 +55,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL
            return Handle;
        }

+        public void SetDefaultSize(int width, int height)
+        {
+            GL.FramebufferParameter(FramebufferTarget.Framebuffer, FramebufferDefaultParameter.FramebufferDefaultWidth, Math.Max(1, width));
+            GL.FramebufferParameter(FramebufferTarget.Framebuffer, FramebufferDefaultParameter.FramebufferDefaultHeight, Math.Max(1, height));
+        }
+
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public void AttachColor(int index, TextureView color)
        {
@@ -105,13 +132,20 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL
            _colorsCount = colorsCount;
        }

-        private static void SetDrawBuffersImpl(int colorsCount)
+        private void SetDrawBuffersImpl(int colorsCount)
        {
            DrawBuffersEnum[] drawBuffers = new DrawBuffersEnum[colorsCount];

            for (int index = 0; index < colorsCount; index++)
            {
-                drawBuffers[index] = DrawBuffersEnum.ColorAttachment0 + index;
+                if (_colors[index] != null)
+                {
+                    drawBuffers[index] = DrawBuffersEnum.ColorAttachment0 + index;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    drawBuffers[index] = DrawBuffersEnum.None;
+                }
            }

            GL.DrawBuffers(colorsCount, drawBuffers);
@@ -116,8 +116,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL.Image
        {
            TextureView destinationView = (TextureView)destination;

-            bool srcIsMultisample = Target.IsMultisample();
-            bool dstIsMultisample = destinationView.Target.IsMultisample();
+            bool srcIsMultisample = Target.IsMultisample;
+            bool dstIsMultisample = destinationView.Target.IsMultisample;

            if (dstIsMultisample != srcIsMultisample && Info.Format.IsDepthOrStencil())
            {
@@ -172,8 +172,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL.Image
        {
            TextureView destinationView = (TextureView)destination;

-            bool srcIsMultisample = Target.IsMultisample();
-            bool dstIsMultisample = destinationView.Target.IsMultisample();
+            bool srcIsMultisample = Target.IsMultisample;
+            bool dstIsMultisample = destinationView.Target.IsMultisample;

            if (dstIsMultisample != srcIsMultisample && Info.Format.IsDepthOrStencil())
            {
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL.Image
            Extents2D srcRegion = new(0, 0, Width, Height);
            Extents2D dstRegion = new(0, 0, destinationView.Width, destinationView.Height);

-            if (destinationView.Target.IsMultisample())
+            if (destinationView.Target.IsMultisample)
            {
                TextureView intermmediate = _renderer.TextureCopy.IntermediatePool.GetOrCreateWithAtLeast(
                    Info.Target,
@@ -174,6 +174,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL
                supportsGeometryShader: true,
                supportsGeometryShaderPassthrough: HwCapabilities.SupportsGeometryShaderPassthrough,
                supportsTransformFeedback: true,
+                supportsImageBufferPixelAlignment: false,
                supportsImageLoadFormatted: HwCapabilities.SupportsImageLoadFormatted,
                supportsLayerVertexTessellation: HwCapabilities.SupportsShaderViewportLayerArray,
                supportsMismatchingViewFormat: HwCapabilities.SupportsMismatchingViewFormat,
@@ -185,6 +186,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL
                supportsShaderBarrierDivergence: !(intelWindows || intelUnix),
                supportsShaderFloat64: true,
                supportsShaderNonUniformIndexing: false,
+                supportsTextureBufferPixelAlignment: false,
                supportsTextureGatherOffsets: true,
                supportsTextureShadowLod: HwCapabilities.SupportsTextureShadowLod,
                supportsVertexStoreAndAtomics: true,
@@ -1537,6 +1537,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL
        {
            DrawCount++;

+            if (!_framebuffer.HasAttachments && _viewportArray.Length >= 4)
+            {
+                _framebuffer.SetDefaultSize((int)_viewportArray[2], (int)_viewportArray[3]);
+            }
+
            _unit0Texture?.Bind(0);
        }

@@ -522,6 +522,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Decoders

    enum PMode
    {
+        Idx = 0,
        F4e = 1,
        B4e = 2,
        Rc8 = 3,
@@ -234,6 +234,24 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader
            return true;
        }

+        /// <summary>
+        /// Queries host support for buffer image access with the buffer offset aligned to a single pixel rather than a fixed alignment.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>True if the host supports buffer image access with pixel alignment, false otherwise</returns>
+        bool QueryHostSupportsBufferImagePixelAlignment()
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Queries host support for buffer texture access with the buffer offset aligned to a single pixel rather than a fixed alignment.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>True if the host supports buffer texture access with pixel alignment, false otherwise</returns>
+        bool QueryHostSupportsBufferTexturePixelAlignment()
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+
        /// <summary>
        /// Queries host support for fragment shader ordering critical sections on the shader code.
        /// </summary>
@@ -215,34 +215,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Instructions
            context.TranslatorContext.GpuAccessor.Log("Shader instruction Pret is not implemented.");
        }

-        public static void PrmtR(EmitterContext context)
-        {
-            context.GetOp<InstPrmtR>();
-
-            context.TranslatorContext.GpuAccessor.Log("Shader instruction PrmtR is not implemented.");
-        }
-
-        public static void PrmtI(EmitterContext context)
-        {
-            context.GetOp<InstPrmtI>();
-
-            context.TranslatorContext.GpuAccessor.Log("Shader instruction PrmtI is not implemented.");
-        }
-
-        public static void PrmtC(EmitterContext context)
-        {
-            context.GetOp<InstPrmtC>();
-
-            context.TranslatorContext.GpuAccessor.Log("Shader instruction PrmtC is not implemented.");
-        }
-
-        public static void PrmtRc(EmitterContext context)
-        {
-            context.GetOp<InstPrmtRc>();
-
-            context.TranslatorContext.GpuAccessor.Log("Shader instruction PrmtRc is not implemented.");
-        }
-
        public static void R2b(EmitterContext context)
        {
            context.GetOp<InstR2b>();
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Decoders;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.IntermediateRepresentation;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation;
-
+using System;
 using static Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Instructions.InstEmitHelper;
 using static Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.IntermediateRepresentation.OperandHelper;

@@ -37,6 +37,38 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Instructions
            context.Copy(GetDest(op.Dest), GetSrcImm(context, op.Imm32));
        }

+        public static void PrmtR(EmitterContext context)
+        {
+            context.GetOp<InstPrmtR>();
+
+            context.TranslatorContext.GpuAccessor.Log("Shader instruction PrmtR is not implemented.");
+        }
+
+        public static void PrmtI(EmitterContext context)
+        {
+            InstPrmtI op = context.GetOp<InstPrmtI>();
+
+            Operand op1 = GetSrcReg(context, op.SrcA);
+            Operand control = GetSrcImm(context, op.Imm20);
+            Operand op2 = GetSrcReg(context, op.SrcC);
+
+            EmitPrmt(context, op1, control, op2, op.PMode, op.Dest);
+        }
+
+        public static void PrmtC(EmitterContext context)
+        {
+            context.GetOp<InstPrmtC>();
+
+            context.TranslatorContext.GpuAccessor.Log("Shader instruction PrmtC is not implemented.");
+        }
+
+        public static void PrmtRc(EmitterContext context)
+        {
+            context.GetOp<InstPrmtRc>();
+
+            context.TranslatorContext.GpuAccessor.Log("Shader instruction PrmtRc is not implemented.");
+        }
+
        public static void R2pR(EmitterContext context)
        {
            InstR2pR op = context.GetOp<InstR2pR>();
@@ -169,6 +201,39 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Instructions
            context.Copy(GetDest(op.Dest), src);
        }

+        public static void SelR(EmitterContext context)
+        {
+            InstSelR op = context.GetOp<InstSelR>();
+
+            Operand srcA = GetSrcReg(context, op.SrcA);
+            Operand srcB = GetSrcReg(context, op.SrcB);
+            Operand srcPred = GetPredicate(context, op.SrcPred, op.SrcPredInv);
+
+            EmitSel(context, srcA, srcB, srcPred, op.Dest);
+        }
+
+        public static void SelI(EmitterContext context)
+        {
+            InstSelI op = context.GetOp<InstSelI>();
+
+            Operand srcA = GetSrcReg(context, op.SrcA);
+            Operand srcB = GetSrcImm(context, Imm20ToSInt(op.Imm20));
+            Operand srcPred = GetPredicate(context, op.SrcPred, op.SrcPredInv);
+
+            EmitSel(context, srcA, srcB, srcPred, op.Dest);
+        }
+
+        public static void SelC(EmitterContext context)
+        {
+            InstSelC op = context.GetOp<InstSelC>();
+
+            Operand srcA = GetSrcReg(context, op.SrcA);
+            Operand srcB = GetSrcCbuf(context, op.CbufSlot, op.CbufOffset);
+            Operand srcPred = GetPredicate(context, op.SrcPred, op.SrcPredInv);
+
+            EmitSel(context, srcA, srcB, srcPred, op.Dest);
+        }
+
        private static Operand EmitLoadSubgroupLaneId(EmitterContext context)
        {
            if (context.TranslatorContext.GpuAccessor.QueryHostSubgroupSize() <= 32)
@@ -215,37 +280,34 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Instructions
            }
        }

-        public static void SelR(EmitterContext context)
+        private static void EmitPrmt(EmitterContext context, Operand op1, Operand control, Operand op2, PMode pMode, int rd)
        {
-            InstSelR op = context.GetOp<InstSelR>();
+            if (pMode == PMode.Idx)
+            {
+                Operand res = Const(0);

-            Operand srcA = GetSrcReg(context, op.SrcA);
-            Operand srcB = GetSrcReg(context, op.SrcB);
-            Operand srcPred = GetPredicate(context, op.SrcPred, op.SrcPredInv);
+                for (int b = 0; b < 4; b++)
+                {
+                    Operand sel = context.ShiftRightU32(control, Const(b * 4));
+                    Operand byteSel = context.BitwiseAnd(sel, Const(7));
+                    Operand copySign = context.BitwiseAnd(sel, Const(8));

-            EmitSel(context, srcA, srcB, srcPred, op.Dest);
-        }
+                    Operand srcOp = context.ConditionalSelect(context.BitwiseAnd(byteSel, Const(4)), op2, op1);
+                    Operand srcValue = context.ShiftRightU32(srcOp, context.ShiftLeft(context.BitwiseAnd(byteSel, Const(3)), Const(3)));
+                    Operand srcSign = context.ShiftRightS32(context.ShiftLeft(srcValue, Const(24)), Const(31));

-        public static void SelI(EmitterContext context)
-        {
-            InstSelI op = context.GetOp<InstSelI>();
+                    srcValue = context.ConditionalSelect(copySign, srcSign, srcValue);
+                    srcValue = context.BitwiseAnd(srcValue, Const(0xff));

-            Operand srcA = GetSrcReg(context, op.SrcA);
-            Operand srcB = GetSrcImm(context, Imm20ToSInt(op.Imm20));
-            Operand srcPred = GetPredicate(context, op.SrcPred, op.SrcPredInv);
+                    res = context.BitfieldInsert(res, srcValue, Const(b * 8), Const(8));
+                }

-            EmitSel(context, srcA, srcB, srcPred, op.Dest);
-        }
-
-        public static void SelC(EmitterContext context)
-        {
-            InstSelC op = context.GetOp<InstSelC>();
-
-            Operand srcA = GetSrcReg(context, op.SrcA);
-            Operand srcB = GetSrcCbuf(context, op.CbufSlot, op.CbufOffset);
-            Operand srcPred = GetPredicate(context, op.SrcPred, op.SrcPredInv);
-
-            EmitSel(context, srcA, srcB, srcPred, op.Dest);
+                context.Copy(GetDest(rd), res);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw new NotImplementedException(pMode.ToString());
+            }
        }

        private static void EmitR2p(EmitterContext context, Operand value, Operand mask, ByteSel byteSel, bool ccpr)
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.IntermediateRepresentation
            set => _branch = AddSuccessor(_branch, value);
        }

+        public bool HasSuccessor => _branch != null || _next != null;
        public bool HasBranch => _branch != null;
        public bool Reachable => Index == 0 || Predecessors.Count != 0;

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader
        public bool UsesInstanceId { get; }
        public bool UsesDrawParameters { get; }
        public bool UsesRtLayer { get; }
+        public bool HasUnconditionalDiscard { get; }
        public byte ClipDistancesWritten { get; }
        public int FragmentOutputMap { get; }

@@ -34,6 +35,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader
            bool usesInstanceId,
            bool usesDrawParameters,
            bool usesRtLayer,
+            bool hasUnconditionalDiscard,
            byte clipDistancesWritten,
            int fragmentOutputMap)
        {
@@ -50,6 +52,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader
            UsesInstanceId = usesInstanceId;
            UsesDrawParameters = usesDrawParameters;
            UsesRtLayer = usesRtLayer;
+            HasUnconditionalDiscard = hasUnconditionalDiscard;
            ClipDistancesWritten = clipDistancesWritten;
            FragmentOutputMap = fragmentOutputMap;
        }
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader
        RenderScale,
        TfeOffset,
        TfeVertexCount,
+        BufferTextureOffset,
    }

    public struct SupportBuffer
@@ -42,10 +43,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader
        public static readonly int ComputeRenderScaleOffset;
        public static readonly int TfeOffsetOffset;
        public static readonly int TfeVertexCountOffset;
+        public static readonly int BufferTextureOffsetOffset;

        public const int FragmentIsBgraCount = 8;
+        public const int TextureCount = 64;
+
        // One for the render target, 64 for the textures, and 8 for the images.
-        public const int RenderScaleMaxCount = 1 + 64 + 8;
+        public const int RenderScaleMaxCount = 1 + TextureCount + 8;

        private static int OffsetOf<T>(ref SupportBuffer storage, ref T target)
        {
@@ -68,6 +72,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader
            ComputeRenderScaleOffset = GraphicsRenderScaleOffset + FieldSize;
            TfeOffsetOffset = OffsetOf(ref instance, ref instance.TfeOffset);
            TfeVertexCountOffset = OffsetOf(ref instance, ref instance.TfeVertexCount);
+            BufferTextureOffsetOffset = OffsetOf(ref instance, ref instance.BufferTextureOffset);
        }

        internal static StructureType GetStructureType()
@@ -80,7 +85,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader
                new StructureField(AggregateType.S32, "frag_scale_count"),
                new StructureField(AggregateType.Array | AggregateType.FP32, "render_scale", RenderScaleMaxCount),
                new StructureField(AggregateType.Vector4 | AggregateType.S32, "tfe_offset"),
-                new StructureField(AggregateType.S32, "tfe_vertex_count")
+                new StructureField(AggregateType.S32, "tfe_vertex_count"),
+                new StructureField(AggregateType.Array | AggregateType.Vector2 | AggregateType.S32, "buffer_texture_offset")
            ]);
        }

@@ -95,5 +101,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader

        public Vector4<int> TfeOffset;
        public Vector4<int> TfeVertexCount;
+
+        public Array5<Array64<Vector4<int>>> BufferTextureOffset;
    }
 }
@@ -26,5 +26,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation
        SharedMemory = 1 << 11,
        Store = 1 << 12,
        VtgAsCompute = 1 << 13,
+        UnconditionalDiscard = 1 << 14,
    }
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.IntermediateRepresentation;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation
+{
+    static class FeatureIdentification
+    {
+        public static void RunPass(BasicBlock[] blocks, ShaderStage stage, ref FeatureFlags usedFeatures)
+        {
+            if (stage == ShaderStage.Fragment)
+            {
+                bool endsWithDiscardOnly = true;
+
+                for (int blockIndex = 0; blockIndex < blocks.Length; blockIndex++)
+                {
+                    BasicBlock block = blocks[blockIndex];
+
+                    if (block.HasSuccessor)
+                    {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    if (block.Operations.Count == 0 ||
+                        block.Operations.Last.Value is not Operation operation ||
+                        operation.Inst != Instruction.Discard)
+                    {
+                        endsWithDiscardOnly = false;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (endsWithDiscardOnly)
+                {
+                    usedFeatures |= FeatureFlags.UnconditionalDiscard;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -70,19 +70,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Optimizations

            Operand bindlessHandle = texOp.GetSource(0);

-            if (bindlessHandle.AsgOp is PhiNode phi)
-            {
-                for (int srcIndex = 0; srcIndex < phi.SourcesCount; srcIndex++)
-                {
-                    Operand phiSource = phi.GetSource(srcIndex);
-
-                    if (phiSource.AsgOp is not PhiNode && !IsBindlessAccessAllowed(phiSource))
-                    {
-                        return false;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            else if (!IsBindlessAccessAllowed(bindlessHandle))
+            if (!IsBindlessAccessAllowed(bindlessHandle))
            {
                return false;
            }
@@ -100,7 +88,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Optimizations

            texOp.SetSource(0, textureIndex);

-            bool hasSampler = !texOp.Inst.IsImage();
+            // Buffer textures use a TIC/BufferView only and never consume a sampler.
+            // Avoiding a sampler descriptor array here is especially important for bindless
+            // texture buffers, where the array can span the entire sampler pool for no benefit.
+            bool hasSampler = !texOp.Inst.IsImage() && texOp.Type != SamplerType.TextureBuffer;

            SetBindingPair textureSetAndBinding = resourceManager.GetTextureOrImageBinding(
                texOp.Inst,
@@ -143,26 +134,112 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Optimizations

        private static bool IsBindlessAccessAllowed(Operand bindlessHandle)
        {
-            if (bindlessHandle.Type == OperandType.ConstantBuffer)
-            {
-                // Bindless access with handles from constant buffer is allowed.
+            // Walk only SSA merges and integer operations that can transparently construct
+            // or select a packed texture/sampler handle. Do not walk arbitrary operations:
+            // finding an unrelated resource load elsewhere in the SSA graph must not enable
+            // descriptor-array access for this handle.
+            const int MaxVisitedOperands = 256;
+            const int MaxDepth = 64;

-                return true;
+            Stack<(Operand Operand, int Depth)> work = new();
+            HashSet<Operand> visited = new();
+
+            work.Push((bindlessHandle, 0));
+
+            while (work.Count != 0 && visited.Count < MaxVisitedOperands)
+            {
+                (Operand operand, int depth) = work.Pop();
+
+                if (operand == null || depth > MaxDepth || !visited.Add(operand))
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                if (operand.Type == OperandType.ConstantBuffer)
+                {
+                    // Constant buffers are accepted by the existing direct-handle path and
+                    // remain accepted when SSA merges or integer handle arithmetic obscure them.
+                    return true;
+                }
+
+                if (operand.AsgOp is PhiNode phi)
+                {
+                    for (int index = 0; index < phi.SourcesCount; index++)
+                    {
+                        Operand source = phi.GetSource(index);
+
+                        if (source.Type != OperandType.Undefined)
+                        {
+                            work.Push((source, depth + 1));
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                if (operand.AsgOp is not Operation operation)
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                Instruction inst = operation.Inst & Instruction.Mask;
+
+                if (inst == Instruction.Load)
+                {
+                    // Preserve the performance restriction. Static CBUF operands are already
+                    // accepted above; accept their dynamically indexed Load form as the same
+                    // resource class, plus the existing shader-input and storage-buffer sources.
+                    // Other loads remain traversal barriers and cannot authorize a pool array.
+                    if (operation.StorageKind == StorageKind.ConstantBuffer ||
+                        operation.StorageKind == StorageKind.Input ||
+                        operation.StorageKind == StorageKind.StorageBuffer)
+                    {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                if (!IsHandleConstructionOperation(inst))
+                {
+                    // Texture/image operations, arbitrary loads, floating-point conversions,
+                    // calls and other unrelated calculations are deliberate traversal barriers.
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                for (int index = 0; index < operation.SourcesCount; index++)
+                {
+                    work.Push((operation.GetSource(index), depth + 1));
+                }
            }

-            if (bindlessHandle.AsgOp is not Operation handleOp ||
-                handleOp.Inst != Instruction.Load ||
-                (handleOp.StorageKind != StorageKind.Input && handleOp.StorageKind != StorageKind.StorageBuffer))
-            {
-                // Right now, we only allow bindless access when the handle comes from a shader input or storage buffer.
-                // This is an artificial limitation to prevent it from being used in cases where it
-                // would have a large performance impact of loading all textures in the pool.
-                // It might be removed in the future, if we can mitigate the performance impact.
+            return false;
+        }

-                return false;
-            }
-
-            return true;
+        private static bool IsHandleConstructionOperation(Instruction inst)
+        {
+            return inst is
+                Instruction.Add or
+                Instruction.Subtract or
+                Instruction.Multiply or
+                Instruction.MultiplyHighS32 or
+                Instruction.MultiplyHighU32 or
+                Instruction.BitwiseAnd or
+                Instruction.BitwiseExclusiveOr or
+                Instruction.BitwiseNot or
+                Instruction.BitwiseOr or
+                Instruction.BitfieldExtractS32 or
+                Instruction.BitfieldExtractU32 or
+                Instruction.BitfieldInsert or
+                Instruction.ShiftLeft or
+                Instruction.ShiftRightS32 or
+                Instruction.ShiftRightU32 or
+                Instruction.MinimumU32 or
+                Instruction.MaximumU32 or
+                Instruction.ClampU32 or
+                Instruction.ConditionalSelect or
+                Instruction.Copy or
+                Instruction.VectorExtract;
        }

        private static bool TryConvertBindless(BasicBlock block, ResourceManager resourceManager, IGpuAccessor gpuAccessor, TextureOperation texOp)
@@ -43,6 +43,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation
        private readonly Dictionary<TextureInfo, TextureMeta> _usedTextures;
        private readonly Dictionary<TextureInfo, TextureMeta> _usedImages;

+        private readonly List<BufferDefinition> _vacConstantBuffers;
+        private readonly List<BufferDefinition> _vacStorageBuffers;
+        private readonly List<TextureDefinition> _vacTextures;
+        private readonly List<TextureDefinition> _vacImages;
+
        public int LocalMemoryId { get; private set; }
        public int SharedMemoryId { get; private set; }

@@ -78,6 +83,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation
            _usedTextures = new();
            _usedImages = new();

+            _vacConstantBuffers = new();
+            _vacStorageBuffers = new();
+            _vacTextures = new();
+            _vacImages = new();
+
            Properties.AddOrUpdateConstantBuffer(new(BufferLayout.Std140, 0, SupportBuffer.Binding, "support_buffer", SupportBuffer.GetStructureType()));

            LocalMemoryId = -1;
@@ -563,6 +573,76 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation
            return descriptors.ToArray();
        }

+        public ShaderProgramInfo GetVertexAsComputeInfo(bool isVertex = false)
+        {
+            var cbDescriptors = new BufferDescriptor[_vacConstantBuffers.Count];
+            int cbDescriptorIndex = 0;
+
+            foreach (BufferDefinition definition in _vacConstantBuffers)
+            {
+                cbDescriptors[cbDescriptorIndex++] = new BufferDescriptor(definition.Set, definition.Binding, 0, 0, 0, BufferUsageFlags.None);
+            }
+
+            var sbDescriptors = new BufferDescriptor[_vacStorageBuffers.Count];
+            int sbDescriptorIndex = 0;
+
+            foreach (BufferDefinition definition in _vacStorageBuffers)
+            {
+                sbDescriptors[sbDescriptorIndex++] = new BufferDescriptor(definition.Set, definition.Binding, 0, 0, 0, BufferUsageFlags.Write);
+            }
+
+            var tDescriptors = new TextureDescriptor[_vacTextures.Count];
+            int tDescriptorIndex = 0;
+
+            foreach (TextureDefinition definition in _vacTextures)
+            {
+                tDescriptors[tDescriptorIndex++] = new TextureDescriptor(
+                    definition.Set,
+                    definition.Binding,
+                    definition.Type,
+                    definition.Format,
+                    0,
+                    0,
+                    definition.ArrayLength,
+                    definition.Separate,
+                    definition.Flags);
+            }
+
+            var iDescriptors = new TextureDescriptor[_vacImages.Count];
+            int iDescriptorIndex = 0;
+
+            foreach (TextureDefinition definition in _vacImages)
+            {
+                iDescriptors[iDescriptorIndex++] = new TextureDescriptor(
+                    definition.Set,
+                    definition.Binding,
+                    definition.Type,
+                    definition.Format,
+                    0,
+                    0,
+                    definition.ArrayLength,
+                    definition.Separate,
+                    definition.Flags);
+            }
+
+            return new ShaderProgramInfo(
+                cbDescriptors,
+                sbDescriptors,
+                tDescriptors,
+                iDescriptors,
+                isVertex ? ShaderStage.Vertex : ShaderStage.Compute,
+                0,
+                0,
+                0,
+                false,
+                false,
+                false,
+                false,
+                false,
+                0,
+                0);
+        }
+
        public bool TryGetCbufSlotAndHandleForTexture(int binding, out int cbufSlot, out int handle)
        {
            foreach ((TextureInfo info, TextureMeta meta) in _usedTextures)
@@ -627,6 +707,30 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation
            Properties.AddOrUpdateStorageBuffer(new(BufferLayout.Std430, setIndex, binding, name, type));
        }

+        public void AddVertexAsComputeConstantBuffer(BufferDefinition definition)
+        {
+            _vacConstantBuffers.Add(definition);
+            Properties.AddOrUpdateConstantBuffer(definition);
+        }
+
+        public void AddVertexAsComputeStorageBuffer(BufferDefinition definition)
+        {
+            _vacStorageBuffers.Add(definition);
+            Properties.AddOrUpdateStorageBuffer(definition);
+        }
+
+        public void AddVertexAsComputeTexture(TextureDefinition definition)
+        {
+            _vacTextures.Add(definition);
+            Properties.AddOrUpdateTexture(definition);
+        }
+
+        public void AddVertexAsComputeImage(TextureDefinition definition)
+        {
+            _vacImages.Add(definition);
+            Properties.AddOrUpdateImage(definition);
+        }
+
        public static string GetShaderStagePrefix(ShaderStage stage)
        {
            uint index = (uint)stage;
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.IntermediateRepresentation;
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Optimizations;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
 using static Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.IntermediateRepresentation.OperandHelper;
@@ -27,7 +28,19 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Transforms

                    if (texOp.Type == SamplerType.TextureBuffer && !context.GpuAccessor.QueryHostSupportsSnormBufferTextureFormat())
                    {
-                        node = InsertSnormNormalization(node, context.ResourceManager, context.GpuAccessor);
+                        if (!context.GpuAccessor.QueryHostSupportsSnormBufferTextureFormat())
+                        {
+                            node = InsertSnormNormalization(node, context.ResourceManager, context.GpuAccessor);
+                        }
+
+                        if (!context.GpuAccessor.QueryHostSupportsBufferTexturePixelAlignment())
+                        {
+                            node = InsertCoordOffset(node, context.ResourceManager, context.Stage, isImage: false);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else if (!context.GpuAccessor.QueryHostSupportsBufferTexturePixelAlignment() && texOp.Inst.IsImage())
+                    {
+                        node = InsertCoordOffset(node, context.ResourceManager, context.Stage, isImage: true);
                    }
                }
            }
@@ -278,6 +291,87 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation.Transforms
            return node;
        }

+        private static LinkedListNode<INode> InsertCoordOffset(LinkedListNode<INode> node, ResourceManager resourceManager, ShaderStage stage, bool isImage)
+        {
+            // Some GPUs have fixed alignment requirements for buffer textures.
+            // For those cases, we bind the aligned buffer offset, and apply the remaining offset on the shader.
+
+            TextureOperation texOp = (TextureOperation)node.Value;
+
+            if ((texOp.Type & SamplerType.Mask) != SamplerType.TextureBuffer)
+            {
+                return node;
+            }
+
+            Operand[] sources = new Operand[texOp.SourcesCount];
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < texOp.SourcesCount; i++)
+            {
+                sources[i] = texOp.GetSource(i);
+            }
+
+            bool isBindless = (texOp.Flags & TextureFlags.Bindless) != 0;
+            bool isIndexed = resourceManager.IsArrayOfTexturesOrImages(texOp.Binding, isImage);
+
+            int coordsIndex = isBindless || isIndexed ? 1 : 0;
+
+            Operand[] dests = new Operand[texOp.DestsCount];
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < texOp.DestsCount; i++)
+            {
+                dests[i] = texOp.GetDest(i);
+            }
+
+            LinkedListNode<INode> oldNode = node;
+
+            Operand source = sources[coordsIndex];
+            Operand offset = Local();
+            Operand coordPlusOffset = Local();
+
+            int stageIndex = stage switch
+            {
+                ShaderStage.TessellationControl => 1,
+                ShaderStage.TessellationEvaluation => 2,
+                ShaderStage.Geometry => 3,
+                ShaderStage.Fragment => 4,
+                _ => 0,
+            };
+
+            int bindingIndex = isImage
+                ? resourceManager.FindImageDescriptorIndex(texOp.Binding)
+                : resourceManager.FindTextureDescriptorIndex(texOp.Binding);
+
+            node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(
+                Instruction.Load,
+                StorageKind.ConstantBuffer,
+                offset,
+                Const(SupportBuffer.Binding),
+                Const((int)SupportBufferField.BufferTextureOffset),
+                Const(stageIndex * SupportBuffer.TextureCount + bindingIndex),
+                Const(isImage ? 1 : 0)));
+
+            node.List.AddBefore(node, new Operation(Instruction.Add, coordPlusOffset, source, offset));
+
+            sources[coordsIndex] = coordPlusOffset;
+
+            TextureOperation newTexOp = new(
+                texOp.Inst,
+                texOp.Type,
+                texOp.Format,
+                texOp.Flags,
+                texOp.Set,
+                texOp.Binding,
+                texOp.Index,
+                dests,
+                sources);
+
+            node = node.List.AddBefore(node, newTexOp);
+
+            Utils.DeleteNode(oldNode, texOp);
+
+            return node;
+        }
+
        private static LinkedListNode<INode> InsertConstOffsets(LinkedListNode<INode> node, ResourceManager resourceManager, IGpuAccessor gpuAccessor, ShaderStage stage)
        {
            // Non-constant texture offsets are not allowed (according to the spec),
@@ -301,6 +301,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation

                    Optimizer.RunPass(context);
                    TransformPasses.RunPass(context);
+
+                    if (i == 0)
+                    {
+                        FeatureIdentification.RunPass(cfg.Blocks, Definitions.Stage, ref usedFeatures);
+                    }
                }

                funcs[i] = new Function(cfg.Blocks, $"fun{i}", false, inArgumentsCount, outArgumentsCount);
@@ -353,6 +358,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation
                usedFeatures.HasFlag(FeatureFlags.InstanceId),
                usedFeatures.HasFlag(FeatureFlags.DrawParameters),
                usedFeatures.HasFlag(FeatureFlags.RtLayer),
+                usedFeatures.HasFlag(FeatureFlags.UnconditionalDiscard),
                clipDistancesWritten,
                originalDefinitions.OmapTargets);

@@ -393,7 +399,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation
                {
                    int binding = resourceManager.Reservations.GetTfeBufferStorageBufferBinding(i);
                    BufferDefinition tfeDataBuffer = new(BufferLayout.Std430, 1, binding, $"tfe_data{i}", tfeDataStruct);
-                    resourceManager.Properties.AddOrUpdateStorageBuffer(tfeDataBuffer);
+                    resourceManager.AddVertexAsComputeStorageBuffer(tfeDataBuffer);
                }
            }

@@ -401,7 +407,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation
            {
                int vertexInfoCbBinding = resourceManager.Reservations.VertexInfoConstantBufferBinding;
                BufferDefinition vertexInfoBuffer = new(BufferLayout.Std140, 0, vertexInfoCbBinding, "vb_info", VertexInfoBuffer.GetStructureType());
-                resourceManager.Properties.AddOrUpdateConstantBuffer(vertexInfoBuffer);
+                resourceManager.AddVertexAsComputeConstantBuffer(vertexInfoBuffer);

                StructureType vertexOutputStruct = new([
                    new StructureField(AggregateType.Array | AggregateType.FP32, "data", 0)
@@ -409,13 +415,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation

                int vertexOutputSbBinding = resourceManager.Reservations.VertexOutputStorageBufferBinding;
                BufferDefinition vertexOutputBuffer = new(BufferLayout.Std430, 1, vertexOutputSbBinding, "vertex_output", vertexOutputStruct);
-                resourceManager.Properties.AddOrUpdateStorageBuffer(vertexOutputBuffer);
+                resourceManager.AddVertexAsComputeStorageBuffer(vertexOutputBuffer);

                if (Stage == ShaderStage.Vertex)
                {
                    SetBindingPair ibSetAndBinding = resourceManager.Reservations.GetIndexBufferTextureSetAndBinding();
                    TextureDefinition indexBuffer = new(ibSetAndBinding.SetIndex, ibSetAndBinding.Binding, "ib_data", SamplerType.TextureBuffer);
-                    resourceManager.Properties.AddOrUpdateTexture(indexBuffer);
+                    resourceManager.AddVertexAsComputeTexture(indexBuffer);

                    int inputMap = _program.AttributeUsage.UsedInputAttributes;

@@ -424,7 +430,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation
                        int location = BitOperations.TrailingZeroCount(inputMap);
                        SetBindingPair setAndBinding = resourceManager.Reservations.GetVertexBufferTextureSetAndBinding(location);
                        TextureDefinition vaBuffer = new(setAndBinding.SetIndex, setAndBinding.Binding, $"vb_data{location}", SamplerType.TextureBuffer);
-                        resourceManager.Properties.AddOrUpdateTexture(vaBuffer);
+                        resourceManager.AddVertexAsComputeTexture(vaBuffer);

                        inputMap &= ~(1 << location);
                    }
@@ -433,11 +439,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation
                {
                    SetBindingPair trbSetAndBinding = resourceManager.Reservations.GetTopologyRemapBufferTextureSetAndBinding();
                    TextureDefinition remapBuffer = new(trbSetAndBinding.SetIndex, trbSetAndBinding.Binding, "trb_data", SamplerType.TextureBuffer);
-                    resourceManager.Properties.AddOrUpdateTexture(remapBuffer);
+                    resourceManager.AddVertexAsComputeTexture(remapBuffer);

                    int geometryVbOutputSbBinding = resourceManager.Reservations.GeometryVertexOutputStorageBufferBinding;
                    BufferDefinition geometryVbOutputBuffer = new(BufferLayout.Std430, 1, geometryVbOutputSbBinding, "geometry_vb_output", vertexOutputStruct);
-                    resourceManager.Properties.AddOrUpdateStorageBuffer(geometryVbOutputBuffer);
+                    resourceManager.AddVertexAsComputeStorageBuffer(geometryVbOutputBuffer);

                    StructureType geometryIbOutputStruct = new([
                        new StructureField(AggregateType.Array | AggregateType.U32, "data", 0)
@@ -445,7 +451,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation

                    int geometryIbOutputSbBinding = resourceManager.Reservations.GeometryIndexOutputStorageBufferBinding;
                    BufferDefinition geometryIbOutputBuffer = new(BufferLayout.Std430, 1, geometryIbOutputSbBinding, "geometry_ib_output", geometryIbOutputStruct);
-                    resourceManager.Properties.AddOrUpdateStorageBuffer(geometryIbOutputBuffer);
+                    resourceManager.AddVertexAsComputeStorageBuffer(geometryIbOutputBuffer);
                }

                resourceManager.SetVertexAsComputeLocalMemories(Definitions.Stage, Definitions.InputTopology);
@@ -478,12 +484,17 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation
            return new ResourceReservations(GpuAccessor, IsTransformFeedbackEmulated, vertexAsCompute: true, _vertexOutput, ioUsage);
        }

+        public ShaderProgramInfo GetVertexAsComputeInfo()
+        {
+            return CreateResourceManager(true).GetVertexAsComputeInfo();
+        }
+
        public void SetVertexOutputMapForGeometryAsCompute(TranslatorContext vertexContext)
        {
            _vertexOutput = vertexContext._program.GetIoUsage();
        }

-        public ShaderProgram GenerateVertexPassthroughForCompute()
+        public (ShaderProgram, ShaderProgramInfo) GenerateVertexPassthroughForCompute()
        {
            AttributeUsage attributeUsage = new(GpuAccessor);
            ResourceManager resourceManager = new(ShaderStage.Vertex, GpuAccessor);
@@ -495,7 +506,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation
            if (Stage == ShaderStage.Vertex)
            {
                BufferDefinition vertexInfoBuffer = new(BufferLayout.Std140, 0, vertexInfoCbBinding, "vb_info", VertexInfoBuffer.GetStructureType());
-                resourceManager.Properties.AddOrUpdateConstantBuffer(vertexInfoBuffer);
+                resourceManager.AddVertexAsComputeConstantBuffer(vertexInfoBuffer);
            }

            StructureType vertexInputStruct = new([
@@ -504,7 +515,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation

            int vertexDataSbBinding = reservations.VertexOutputStorageBufferBinding;
            BufferDefinition vertexOutputBuffer = new(BufferLayout.Std430, 1, vertexDataSbBinding, "vb_input", vertexInputStruct);
-            resourceManager.Properties.AddOrUpdateStorageBuffer(vertexOutputBuffer);
+            resourceManager.AddVertexAsComputeStorageBuffer(vertexOutputBuffer);

            EmitterContext context = new();

@@ -562,14 +573,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation
                LastInVertexPipeline = true
            };

-            return Generate(
+            return (Generate(
                [function],
                attributeUsage,
                definitions,
                definitions,
                resourceManager,
                FeatureFlags.None,
-                0);
+                0), resourceManager.GetVertexAsComputeInfo(isVertex: true));
        }

        public ShaderProgram GenerateGeometryPassthrough()
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                        queueLock,
                        _gd.QueueFamilyIndex,
                        _gd.IsQualcommProprietary,
+                        _gd.IsTurnip,
                        isLight: true);
                }
            }
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
        private readonly Queue _queue;
        private readonly Lock _queueLock;
        private readonly bool _concurrentFenceWaitUnsupported;
+        private readonly bool _fenceAlwaysWaits;
        private readonly CommandPool _pool;
        private readonly Thread _owner;

@@ -66,6 +67,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
            Lock queueLock,
            uint queueFamilyIndex,
            bool concurrentFenceWaitUnsupported,
+            bool fenceAlwaysWaits,
            bool isLight = false)
        {
            _api = api;
@@ -73,6 +75,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
            _queue = queue;
            _queueLock = queueLock;
            _concurrentFenceWaitUnsupported = concurrentFenceWaitUnsupported;
+            _fenceAlwaysWaits = fenceAlwaysWaits;
            _owner = Thread.CurrentThread;

            CommandPoolCreateInfo commandPoolCreateInfo = new()
@@ -207,7 +210,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan

                ref ReservedCommandBuffer entry = ref _commandBuffers[index];

-                if (wait || !entry.InConsumption || entry.Fence.IsSignaled())
+                if (wait || !entry.InConsumption || entry.Fence.IsSignaledLazy())
                {
                    WaitAndDecrementRef(index);

@@ -349,7 +352,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan

            if (refreshFence)
            {
-                entry.Fence = new FenceHolder(_api, _device, _concurrentFenceWaitUnsupported);
+                entry.Fence = new FenceHolder(_api, _device, _concurrentFenceWaitUnsupported, _fenceAlwaysWaits);
            }
            else
            {
@@ -12,13 +12,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
        private int _referenceCount;
        private int _lock;
        private readonly bool _concurrentWaitUnsupported;
+        private readonly bool _alwaysWaits;
        private bool _disposed;

-        public unsafe FenceHolder(Vk api, Device device, bool concurrentWaitUnsupported)
+        public unsafe FenceHolder(Vk api, Device device, bool concurrentWaitUnsupported, bool alwaysWaits)
        {
            _api = api;
            _device = device;
            _concurrentWaitUnsupported = concurrentWaitUnsupported;
+            _alwaysWaits = alwaysWaits;

            FenceCreateInfo fenceCreateInfo = new()
            {
@@ -123,6 +125,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
            }
        }

+        public bool IsSignaledLazy()
+        {
+            if (_alwaysWaits)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            return IsSignaled();
+        }
+
        public bool IsSignaled()
        {
            if (_concurrentWaitUnsupported)
@@ -32,6 +32,29 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
        public bool HasDepthStencil { get; private set; }
        public int ColorAttachmentsCount => AttachmentsCount - (HasDepthStencil ? 1 : 0);

+        public bool SetVirtualSize(uint width, uint height, uint layers)
+        {
+            if (AttachmentsCount != 0)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            width = Math.Max(1u, width);
+            height = Math.Max(1u, height);
+            layers = Math.Max(1u, layers);
+
+            if (Width == width && Height == height && Layers == layers)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            Width = width;
+            Height = height;
+            Layers = layers;
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
        public FramebufferParams(Device device, TextureView view, uint width, uint height)
        {
            Format format = view.Info.Format;
@@ -406,10 +406,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan

            if (dstIsDepthOrStencil)
            {
-                _pipeline.SetProgram(src.Info.Target.IsMultisample() ? _programDepthBlitMs : _programDepthBlit);
+                _pipeline.SetProgram(src.Info.Target.IsMultisample ? _programDepthBlitMs : _programDepthBlit);
                _pipeline.SetDepthTest(new DepthTestDescriptor(true, true, CompareOp.Always));
            }
-            else if (src.Info.Target.IsMultisample())
+            else if (src.Info.Target.IsMultisample)
            {
                _pipeline.SetProgram(_programColorBlitMs);
            }
@@ -566,12 +566,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan

            if (isDepth)
            {
-                _pipeline.SetProgram(src.Info.Target.IsMultisample() ? _programDepthBlitMs : _programDepthBlit);
+                _pipeline.SetProgram(src.Info.Target.IsMultisample ? _programDepthBlitMs : _programDepthBlit);
                _pipeline.SetDepthTest(new DepthTestDescriptor(true, true, CompareOp.Always));
            }
            else
            {
-                _pipeline.SetProgram(src.Info.Target.IsMultisample() ? _programStencilBlitMs : _programStencilBlit);
+                _pipeline.SetProgram(src.Info.Target.IsMultisample ? _programStencilBlitMs : _programStencilBlit);
                _pipeline.SetStencilTest(CreateStencilTestDescriptor(true));
            }

@@ -843,6 +843,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
        public void SetImage(ShaderStage stage, int binding, ITexture image)
        {
            _descriptorSetUpdater.SetImage(Cbs, stage, binding, image);
+
+            if (stage == ShaderStage.Fragment && image is TextureView view)
+            {
+                FramebufferParams?.SetVirtualSize((uint)view.Width, (uint)view.Height, (uint)view.Layers);
+            }
        }

        public void SetImage(int binding, Auto<DisposableImageView> image)
@@ -1607,6 +1612,24 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan

        private bool RecreateGraphicsPipelineIfNeeded()
        {
+            if (FramebufferParams != null &&
+                FramebufferParams.AttachmentsCount == 0 &&
+                FramebufferParams.Width == 1 &&
+                FramebufferParams.Height == 1 &&
+                DynamicState.ViewportsCount != 0)
+            {
+                // An attachmentless fragment pass can reach its first draw before the storage
+                // image descriptor is rebound. At that point the null framebuffer still has
+                // its constructor fallback of 1x1, even though the guest viewport already
+                // describes the real render area. Seed the virtual framebuffer from that
+                // viewport so the first storage-image draw is not clipped to one pixel.
+                Silk.NET.Vulkan.Viewport viewport = DynamicState.Viewports[0];
+                uint width = (uint)Math.Max(1f, Math.Abs(viewport.Width));
+                uint height = (uint)Math.Max(1f, Math.Abs(viewport.Height));
+
+                FramebufferParams.SetVirtualSize(width, height, 1);
+            }
+
            if (AutoFlush.ShouldFlushDraw(DrawCount))
            {
                Gd.FlushAllCommands();
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan

        private ProgramPipelineState _state;
        private DisposableRenderPass _dummyRenderPass;
-        private readonly Task _compileTask;
+        private ShaderCompilationRequest _compileRequest;
        private bool _firstBackgroundUse;

        public ShaderCollection(
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
            // Updating buffer texture bindings using template updates crashes the Adreno driver on Windows.
            UpdateTexturesWithoutTemplate = gd.IsQualcommProprietary && usesBufferTextures;

-            _compileTask = Task.CompletedTask;
+            _compileRequest = new ShaderCompilationRequest(Task.CompletedTask);
            _firstBackgroundUse = false;
        }

@@ -153,7 +153,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
        {
            _state = state;

-            _compileTask = BackgroundCompilation();
+            _compileRequest = gd.ShaderCompilationQueue != null
+                ? gd.ShaderCompilationQueue.Add(BackgroundCompilation)
+                : new ShaderCompilationRequest(BackgroundCompilationAsync());
            _firstBackgroundUse = !fromCache;
        }

@@ -458,10 +460,25 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
            return (buffer, texture);
        }

-        private async Task BackgroundCompilation()
+        private async Task BackgroundCompilationAsync()
        {
            await Task.WhenAll(_shaders.Select(shader => shader.CompileTask));

+            BackgroundCompilationImpl();
+        }
+
+        private void BackgroundCompilation()
+        {
+            foreach (var shader in _shaders)
+            {
+                shader.CompileTask.Wait();
+            }
+
+            BackgroundCompilationImpl();
+        }
+
+        private void BackgroundCompilationImpl()
+        {
            if (Array.Exists(_shaders, shader => shader.CompileStatus == ProgramLinkStatus.Failure))
            {
                LinkStatus = ProgramLinkStatus.Failure;
@@ -604,11 +621,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                    }
                }

-                if (!_compileTask.IsCompleted)
+                if (!_compileRequest.IsCompleted)
                {
                    if (blocking)
                    {
-                        _compileTask.Wait();
+                        _compileRequest.Wait();

                        if (LinkStatus == ProgramLinkStatus.Failure)
                        {
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Concurrent;
+using System.Threading;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
+{
+    class ShaderCompilationQueue
+    {
+        private const int MaxParallelCompilations = 8;
+        private const int MaxThreadStackSize = 2 * 1024 * 1024; // MB
+
+        private struct Request
+        {
+            public readonly ulong Id;
+            public readonly Action Callback;
+
+            public Request(ulong id, Action callback)
+            {
+                Id = id;
+                Callback = callback;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private readonly Thread[] _workerThreads;
+        private readonly CancellationTokenSource _cts;
+        private readonly BlockingCollection<Request>[] _queues;
+        private readonly ulong[] _finishedIds;
+        private ulong _currentId;
+        private int _currentQueueIndex;
+
+        public ShaderCompilationQueue()
+        {
+            _workerThreads = new Thread[MaxParallelCompilations];
+            _queues = new BlockingCollection<Request>[MaxParallelCompilations];
+            _finishedIds = new ulong[MaxParallelCompilations];
+
+            _cts = new CancellationTokenSource();
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < MaxParallelCompilations; i++)
+            {
+                _queues[i] = new BlockingCollection<Request>();
+
+                Thread thread = new Thread(DoWork, MaxThreadStackSize) { Name = $"BackgroundShaderCompiler.{i}" };
+                thread.IsBackground = true;
+                thread.Start(i);
+
+                _workerThreads[i] = thread;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void DoWork(object threadId)
+        {
+            int queueIndex = (int)threadId;
+
+            try
+            {
+                var queue = _queues[queueIndex];
+
+                foreach (var request in queue.GetConsumingEnumerable(_cts.Token))
+                {
+                    request.Callback();
+
+                    lock (queue)
+                    {
+                        _finishedIds[queueIndex] = request.Id;
+
+                        Monitor.PulseAll(queue);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            catch (OperationCanceledException)
+            {
+            }
+        }
+
+        public ShaderCompilationRequest Add(Action callback)
+        {
+            ulong newId = Interlocked.Increment(ref _currentId);
+
+            // Let's keep rotating between the queues to increase the chances
+            // that the selected queue thread is currently idle.
+            int queueIndex = Interlocked.Increment(ref _currentQueueIndex) % MaxParallelCompilations;
+
+            _queues[queueIndex].Add(new Request(newId, callback));
+
+            return new ShaderCompilationRequest(this, queueIndex, newId);
+        }
+
+        public void Wait(int queueIndex, ulong id)
+        {
+            var queue = _queues[queueIndex];
+
+            lock (queue)
+            {
+                while (_finishedIds[queueIndex] < id)
+                {
+                    Monitor.Wait(queue);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public bool IsCompleted(int queueIndex, ulong id)
+        {
+            var queue = _queues[queueIndex];
+
+            lock (queue)
+            {
+                return _finishedIds[queueIndex] >= id;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            for (int i = 0; i < MaxParallelCompilations; i++)
+            {
+                _queues[i].CompleteAdding();
+            }
+
+            _cts.Cancel();
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < MaxParallelCompilations; i++)
+            {
+                _workerThreads[i].Join();
+
+                _queues[i].Dispose();
+            }
+
+            _cts.Dispose();
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
+{
+    struct ShaderCompilationRequest
+    {
+        private readonly Task _task;
+        private readonly ShaderCompilationQueue _queue;
+        private readonly int _queueIndex;
+        private readonly ulong _requestId;
+
+        public bool IsCompleted
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (_task != null)
+                {
+                    return _task.IsCompleted;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    return _queue.IsCompleted(_queueIndex, _requestId);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public ShaderCompilationRequest(Task task)
+        {
+            _task = task;
+            _queue = null;
+            _queueIndex = 0;
+            _requestId = 0;
+        }
+
+        public ShaderCompilationRequest(ShaderCompilationQueue queue, int queueIndex, ulong requestId)
+        {
+            _task = null;
+            _queue = queue;
+            _queueIndex = queueIndex;
+            _requestId = requestId;
+        }
+
+        public void Wait()
+        {
+            if (_task != null)
+            {
+                _task.Wait();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                _queue.Wait(_queueIndex, _requestId);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
        public void FreeCompleted()
        {
            FenceHolder signalledFence = null;
-            while (_pendingCopies.TryPeek(out PendingCopy pc) && pc.Fence != null && (pc.Fence == signalledFence || pc.Fence.IsSignaled()))
+            while (_pendingCopies.TryPeek(out PendingCopy pc) && pc.Fence != null && (pc.Fence == signalledFence || pc.Fence.IsSignaledLazy()))
            {
                signalledFence = pc.Fence; // Already checked - don't need to do it again.
                PendingCopy dequeued = _pendingCopies.Dequeue();
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
            _device = device;
            _info = info;

-            bool isMsImageStorageSupported = gd.Capabilities.SupportsShaderStorageImageMultisample || !info.Target.IsMultisample();
+            bool isMsImageStorageSupported = gd.Capabilities.SupportsShaderStorageImageMultisample || !info.Target.IsMultisample;

            VkFormat format = _gd.FormatCapabilities.ConvertToVkFormat(info.Format, isMsImageStorageSupported);
            uint levels = (uint)info.Levels;
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                usage |= ImageUsageFlags.ColorAttachmentBit;
            }

-            if (format.IsImageCompatible() && (isMsImageStorageSupported || !target.IsMultisample()))
+            if (format.IsImageCompatible() && (isMsImageStorageSupported || !target.IsMultisample))
            {
                usage |= ImageUsageFlags.StorageBit;
            }
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan

            gd.Textures.Add(this);

-            bool isMsImageStorageSupported = gd.Capabilities.SupportsShaderStorageImageMultisample || !info.Target.IsMultisample();
+            bool isMsImageStorageSupported = gd.Capabilities.SupportsShaderStorageImageMultisample || !info.Target.IsMultisample;

            VkFormat format = _gd.FormatCapabilities.ConvertToVkFormat(info.Format, isMsImageStorageSupported);
            ImageUsageFlags usage = TextureStorage.GetImageUsage(info.Format, info.Target, gd.Capabilities, isMsImageStorageSupported) & storage.UsageFlags;
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan

            ImageUsageFlags shaderUsage = ImageUsageFlags.SampledBit;

-            if (info.Format.IsImageCompatible() && (_gd.Capabilities.SupportsShaderStorageImageMultisample || !info.Target.IsMultisample()))
+            if (info.Format.IsImageCompatible() && (_gd.Capabilities.SupportsShaderStorageImageMultisample || !info.Target.IsMultisample))
            {
                shaderUsage |= ImageUsageFlags.StorageBit;
            }
@@ -225,12 +225,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
            Image srcImage = src.GetImage().Get(cbs).Value;
            Image dstImage = dst.GetImage().Get(cbs).Value;

-            if (!dst.Info.Target.IsMultisample() && Info.Target.IsMultisample())
+            if (!dst.Info.Target.IsMultisample && Info.Target.IsMultisample)
            {
                int layers = Math.Min(Info.GetLayers(), dst.Info.GetLayers() - firstLayer);
                _gd.HelperShader.CopyMSToNonMS(_gd, cbs, src, dst, 0, firstLayer, layers);
            }
-            else if (dst.Info.Target.IsMultisample() && !Info.Target.IsMultisample())
+            else if (dst.Info.Target.IsMultisample && !Info.Target.IsMultisample)
            {
                int layers = Math.Min(Info.GetLayers(), dst.Info.GetLayers() - firstLayer);
                _gd.HelperShader.CopyNonMSToMS(_gd, cbs, src, dst, 0, firstLayer, layers);
@@ -287,11 +287,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
            Image srcImage = src.GetImage().Get(cbs).Value;
            Image dstImage = dst.GetImage().Get(cbs).Value;

-            if (!dst.Info.Target.IsMultisample() && Info.Target.IsMultisample())
+            if (!dst.Info.Target.IsMultisample && Info.Target.IsMultisample)
            {
                _gd.HelperShader.CopyMSToNonMS(_gd, cbs, src, dst, srcLayer, dstLayer, 1);
            }
-            else if (dst.Info.Target.IsMultisample() && !Info.Target.IsMultisample())
+            else if (dst.Info.Target.IsMultisample && !Info.Target.IsMultisample)
            {
                _gd.HelperShader.CopyNonMSToMS(_gd, cbs, src, dst, srcLayer, dstLayer, 1);
            }
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
        internal CommandBufferPool CommandBufferPool { get; private set; }
        internal PipelineLayoutCache PipelineLayoutCache { get; private set; }
        internal BackgroundResources BackgroundResources { get; private set; }
+        internal ShaderCompilationQueue ShaderCompilationQueue { get; private set; }
        internal Action<Action> InterruptAction { get; private set; }
        internal SyncManager SyncManager { get; private set; }

@@ -96,6 +97,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
        internal bool IsNvidiaPreTuring { get; private set; }
        internal bool IsIntelArc { get; private set; }
        internal bool IsQualcommProprietary { get; private set; }
+        internal bool IsTurnip { get; private set; }
        internal bool IsMoltenVk { get; private set; }
        internal bool SupportsMTL31 { get; private set; }
        internal bool IsTBDR { get; private set; }
@@ -127,6 +129,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan

                // Any device running on MacOS is using MoltenVK, even Intel and AMD vendors.
                IsMoltenVk = true;
+
+                // The default thread stack size on MacOS is low, and can cause stack overflow
+                // on SPIR-V Cross during shader compilation.
+                // As a workaround, we use this custom queue which allows us to specify the stack
+                // size of the threads used for compilation.
+                ShaderCompilationQueue = new ShaderCompilationQueue();
            }

            SupportsMTL31 = OperatingSystem.IsMacOSVersionAtLeast(14);
@@ -396,6 +404,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan

            IsFeedbackLoopDevice = IsAmdRdna3;

+            IsTurnip = GpuRenderer.StartsWith("Turnip");
+
            if (Vendor == Vendor.Nvidia)
            {
                Match match = VendorUtils.NvidiaConsumerClassRegex().Match(GpuRenderer);
@@ -476,7 +486,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
            Api.TryGetDeviceExtension(_instance.Instance, _device, out ExtExternalMemoryHost hostMemoryApi);
            HostMemoryAllocator = new HostMemoryAllocator(MemoryAllocator, Api, hostMemoryApi, _device);

-            CommandBufferPool = new CommandBufferPool(Api, _device, Queue, QueueLock, queueFamilyIndex, IsQualcommProprietary);
+            CommandBufferPool = new CommandBufferPool(Api, _device, Queue, QueueLock, queueFamilyIndex, IsQualcommProprietary, IsTurnip);

            PipelineLayoutCache = new PipelineLayoutCache();

@@ -777,6 +787,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                supportsGeometryShader: Capabilities.SupportsGeometryShader,
                supportsGeometryShaderPassthrough: Capabilities.SupportsGeometryShaderPassthrough,
                supportsTransformFeedback: Capabilities.SupportsTransformFeedback,
+                supportsImageBufferPixelAlignment: false,
                supportsImageLoadFormatted: features2.Features.ShaderStorageImageReadWithoutFormat,
                supportsLayerVertexTessellation: featuresVk12.ShaderOutputLayer,
                supportsMismatchingViewFormat: true,
@@ -790,6 +801,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan
                supportsShaderNonUniformIndexing:
                    featuresVk12.ShaderSampledImageArrayNonUniformIndexing &&
                    featuresVk12.ShaderStorageImageArrayNonUniformIndexing,
+                supportsTextureBufferPixelAlignment: false,
                supportsTextureGatherOffsets: features2.Features.ShaderImageGatherExtended,
                supportsTextureShadowLod: false,
                supportsVertexStoreAndAtomics: features2.Features.VertexPipelineStoresAndAtomics,
@@ -1112,6 +1124,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Vulkan

            SurfaceApi.DestroySurface(_instance.Instance, _surface, null);

+            ShaderCompilationQueue?.Dispose();
+
            Api.DestroyDevice(_device, null);

            _debugMessenger.Dispose();
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using ARMeilleure.Memory;
+using ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC;
 using Ryujinx.Cpu;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Process;
@@ -9,12 +10,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
    interface IArmProcessContext : IProcessContext
    {
        IDiskCacheLoadState Initialize(
-            string titleIdText,
-            string displayVersion,
+            PtcCacheInfo cacheInfo,
            bool diskCacheEnabled,
            ulong codeAddress,
-            ulong codeSize,
-            string cacheSelector);
+            ulong codeSize);
    }

    class ArmProcessContext<T> : IArmProcessContext where T : class, IVirtualMemoryManagerTracked, IMemoryManager
@@ -64,15 +63,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
        }

        public IDiskCacheLoadState Initialize(
-            string titleIdText,
-            string displayVersion,
+            PtcCacheInfo cacheInfo,
            bool diskCacheEnabled,
            ulong codeAddress,
-            ulong codeSize,
-            string cacheSelector)
+            ulong codeSize)
        {
            _cpuContext.PrepareCodeRange(codeAddress, codeSize);
-            return _cpuContext.LoadDiskCache(titleIdText, displayVersion, diskCacheEnabled, cacheSelector);
+            return _cpuContext.LoadDiskCache(cacheInfo, diskCacheEnabled);
        }

        public void InvalidateCacheRegion(ulong address, ulong size)
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+using ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC;
 using Ryujinx.Common.Configuration;
 using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
 using Ryujinx.Cpu;
@@ -7,6 +8,7 @@ using Ryujinx.Cpu.LightningJit;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel;
 using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Process;
+using Ryujinx.HLE.Loaders.Processes;
 using Ryujinx.Memory;
 using System;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
@@ -17,8 +19,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
    {
        private readonly ITickSource _tickSource;
        private readonly GpuContext _gpu;
-        private readonly string _titleIdText;
+        private readonly ulong _programId;
+        private readonly byte _programIndex;
        private readonly string _displayVersion;
+        private readonly ProcessKind _processKind;
        private readonly bool _diskCacheEnabled;
        private readonly string _diskCacheSelector;
        private readonly ulong _codeAddress;
@@ -29,8 +33,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
        public ArmProcessContextFactory(
            ITickSource tickSource,
            GpuContext gpu,
-            string titleIdText,
+            ulong programId,
+            byte programIndex,
            string displayVersion,
+            ProcessKind processKind,
            bool diskCacheEnabled,
            string diskCacheSelector,
            ulong codeAddress,
@@ -38,8 +44,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
        {
            _tickSource = tickSource;
            _gpu = gpu;
-            _titleIdText = titleIdText;
+            _programId = programId;
+            _programIndex = programIndex;
            _displayVersion = displayVersion;
+            _processKind = processKind;
            _diskCacheEnabled = diskCacheEnabled;
            _diskCacheSelector = diskCacheSelector;
            _codeAddress = codeAddress;
@@ -121,8 +129,18 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS
            }

            string cacheSelector = _diskCacheSelector ?? "default";
+            string programIdText = _programId == 0 ? string.Empty : $"{_programId:x16}";
+            string applicationIdText = _programId == 0 ? string.Empty : $"{_programId & ~0xFul:x16}";
+            PtcCacheInfo cacheInfo = new(
+                pid,
+                programIdText,
+                applicationIdText,
+                _programIndex,
+                _displayVersion,
+                _processKind.ToString(),
+                cacheSelector);

-            DiskCacheLoadState = processContext.Initialize(_titleIdText, _displayVersion, _diskCacheEnabled, _codeAddress, _codeSize, cacheSelector);
+            DiskCacheLoadState = processContext.Initialize(cacheInfo, _diskCacheEnabled, _codeAddress, _codeSize);

            return processContext;
        }
@@ -12,12 +12,23 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Am.AppletAE.AllSystemAppletProxiesService.Sys
 {
    class ICommonStateGetter : DisposableIpcService
    {
+        // Nintendo serves the VR goggle commands based on Title ID, apparently.
+        private static ReadOnlySpan<ulong> _supportedVRGoggleTitles =>
+        [
+            0x0100CA001D972000, // Nintendo Classics: Virtual Boy NSO
+            0x0100BFC01D976000  // Nintendo Classics: Virtual Boy NSO
+        ];
+        
+        private int _resolutionWidth = 1280;
+        private int _resolutionHeight = 720;
+        
        private readonly ServiceCtx _context;

        private readonly Apm.ManagerServer _apmManagerServer;
        private readonly Apm.SystemManagerServer _apmSystemManagerServer;

        private bool _vrModeEnabled;
+        private bool _vrMode3dEnabled;
 #pragma warning disable CS0414, IDE0052 // Remove unread private member
        private bool _lcdBacklighOffEnabled;
        private bool _requestExitToLibraryAppletAtExecuteNextProgramEnabled;
@@ -153,6 +164,47 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Am.AppletAE.AllSystemAppletProxiesService.Sys
            return ResultCode.Success;
        }

+        [CommandCmif(30)]
+        // GetHomeButtonReaderLockAccessor() -> nn::am::service::ILockAccessor
+        public ResultCode GetHomeButtonReaderLockAccessor(ServiceCtx context)
+        {
+            // We currently do not have any home button functionality, so it's fine to stub this for now.
+            // Similar to using GetReaderLockAccessorEx() with inval=0.
+            Logger.Stub?.PrintStub(LogClass.ServiceAm);
+            MakeObject(context, new ILockAccessor(context));
+            return ResultCode.Success;
+        }
+
+        [CommandCmif(31)] // 2.0.0 +
+        // GetReaderLockAccessorEx(uint unknown) -> nn::am::service::ILockAccessor
+        public ResultCode GetReaderLockAccessorEx(ServiceCtx context)
+        {
+            uint unknown = context.RequestData.ReadUInt32();
+            Logger.Stub?.PrintStub(LogClass.ServiceAm, new { unknown });
+            if (unknown < 0 || unknown > 3)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(unknown));
+            }
+            
+            MakeObject(context, new ILockAccessor(context));
+            return ResultCode.Success;
+        }
+
+        [CommandCmif(32)] // 2.0.0+
+        // GetWriterLockAccessorEx(uint unknown) -> nn::am::service::ILockAccessor
+        public ResultCode GetWriterLockAccessorEx(ServiceCtx context)
+        {
+            uint unknown = context.RequestData.ReadUInt32();
+            Logger.Stub?.PrintStub(LogClass.ServiceAm, new { unknown });
+            if (unknown < 0 || unknown > 3)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(unknown));
+            }
+            
+            MakeObject(context, new ILockAccessor(context));
+            return ResultCode.Success;
+        }
+
        [CommandCmif(50)] // 3.0.0+
        // IsVrModeEnabled() -> b8
        public ResultCode IsVrModeEnabled(ServiceCtx context)
@@ -177,8 +229,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Am.AppletAE.AllSystemAppletProxiesService.Sys
        // SetLcdBacklighOffEnabled(b8)
        public ResultCode SetLcdBacklighOffEnabled(ServiceCtx context)
        {
-            // NOTE: Service sets a private field here, maybe this field is used somewhere else to turned off the backlight.
-            //       Since we don't support backlight, it's fine to do nothing.
+            // NOTE: Service sets a private field here, maybe this field is used somewhere else to turn off the backlight.
+            //       Since we don't support the backlight feature, it's fine to stub it.

            _lcdBacklighOffEnabled = context.RequestData.ReadBoolean();

@@ -298,18 +350,43 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Am.AppletAE.AllSystemAppletProxiesService.Sys
            return (ResultCode)_apmSystemManagerServer.GetCurrentPerformanceConfiguration(context);
        }

+        [CommandCmif(130)] // 21.0.0+
+        // EnableStartupLogoDisappearedMessage()
+        public ResultCode EnableStartupLogoDisappearedMessage(ServiceCtx context)
+        {
+            // NOTE: Service only delivers the message once the startup logo has actually
+            //       disappeared. We never display one, so it is already deliverable. Callers
+            //       gate their first frame on this message and hang without it.
+
+            AppletStateMgr appletState = context.Device.System.AppletState;
+
+            appletState.Messages.Enqueue(AppletMessage.StartupLogoDisappeared);
+            appletState.MessageEvent.ReadableEvent.Signal();
+
+            return ResultCode.Success;
+        }
+
        [CommandCmif(300)] // 9.0.0+
        // GetSettingsPlatformRegion() -> u8
        public ResultCode GetSettingsPlatformRegion(ServiceCtx context)
        {
            PlatformRegion platformRegion = context.Device.System.State.DesiredRegionCode == (uint)RegionCode.China ? PlatformRegion.China : PlatformRegion.Global;
-
+            
            // FIXME: Call set:sys GetPlatformRegion
            context.ResponseData.Write((byte)platformRegion);

            return ResultCode.Success;
        }

+        [CommandCmif(610)] // 21.0.0+
+        // UnknownCommand610(long unknown)
+        public ResultCode UnknownCommand610(ServiceCtx context)
+        {
+            long unknown = context.RequestData.ReadInt64();
+            Logger.Stub?.PrintStub(LogClass.ServiceAm, new { unknown });
+            return ResultCode.Success;
+        }
+
        [CommandCmif(900)] // 11.0.0+
        // SetRequestExitToLibraryAppletAtExecuteNextProgramEnabled()
        public ResultCode SetRequestExitToLibraryAppletAtExecuteNextProgramEnabled(ServiceCtx context)
@@ -320,6 +397,100 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Am.AppletAE.AllSystemAppletProxiesService.Sys
            return ResultCode.Success;
        }

+        [CommandCmif(1000)] // 19.0.0+
+        // BeginVrMode3d()
+        public ResultCode BeginVrMode3d(ServiceCtx context)
+        {
+            // NOTE: Service also applies a stereo scale to the goggle display, which we don't
+            //       model, so only the state is kept here.
+
+            _vrMode3dEnabled = true;
+
+            return ResultCode.Success;
+        }
+
+        [CommandCmif(1001)] // 19.0.0+
+        // EndVrMode3d()
+        public ResultCode EndVrMode3d(ServiceCtx context)
+        {
+            _vrMode3dEnabled = false;
+
+            return ResultCode.Success;
+        }
+
+        [CommandCmif(1002)] // 19.0.0+
+        // IsVrModeEnabled3d() -> b8
+        public ResultCode IsVrModeEnabled3d(ServiceCtx context)
+        {
+            context.ResponseData.Write(_vrMode3dEnabled);
+
+            return ResultCode.Success;
+        }
+
+        [CommandCmif(1003)] // 21.0.0+
+        // GetVrLaboGoggleViewport() -> (s32 x, s32 y, s32 width, s32 height)
+        public ResultCode GetVrLaboGoggleViewport(ServiceCtx context)
+        {
+            if (!IsVrLaboGoggleSupportedTitle(context))
+            {
+                return ResultCode.ObjectInvalid;
+            }
+            
+            int VrDisplayCoordinateX = 0;
+            int VrDisplayCoordinateY = 0;
+            int VrDisplayWidth = _resolutionWidth;
+            int VrDisplayHeight = _resolutionHeight;
+
+            context.ResponseData.Write(VrDisplayCoordinateX);
+            context.ResponseData.Write(VrDisplayCoordinateY);
+            context.ResponseData.Write(VrDisplayWidth);
+            context.ResponseData.Write(VrDisplayHeight);
+
+            return ResultCode.Success;
+        }
+
+        [CommandCmif(1004)] // 21.0.0+
+        // GetPanelPhysicalSizeForSpecificTitle() -> (f32 width, f32 height)
+        public ResultCode GetPanelPhysicalSizeForSpecificTitle(ServiceCtx context)
+        {
+            if (!IsVrLaboGoggleSupportedTitle(context))
+            {
+                return ResultCode.ObjectInvalid;
+            }
+            
+            // The switch provides micrometres, but the command reports millimetres.
+            // 6.2 inch 16:9 panel.
+            float PanelPhysicalWidthMicroMeters = 137250f;
+            float PanelPhysicalHeightMicroMeters = 77200f;
+            
+            context.ResponseData.Write(PanelPhysicalWidthMicroMeters / 1000f);
+            context.ResponseData.Write(PanelPhysicalHeightMicroMeters / 1000f);
+
+            return ResultCode.Success;
+        }
+
+        [CommandCmif(1005)] // 21.0.0+
+        // GetPanelResolutionForSpecificTitle() -> (s32 width, s32 height)
+        public ResultCode GetPanelResolutionForSpecificTitle(ServiceCtx context)
+        {
+            if (!IsVrLaboGoggleSupportedTitle(context))
+            {
+                return ResultCode.ObjectInvalid;
+            }
+            
+            context.ResponseData.Write(_resolutionWidth);
+            context.ResponseData.Write(_resolutionHeight);
+
+            return ResultCode.Success;
+        }
+
+        private static bool IsVrLaboGoggleSupportedTitle(ServiceCtx context)
+        {
+            ulong programId = context.Device.Processes.ActiveApplication.ProgramId;
+
+            return _supportedVRGoggleTitles.Contains(programId);
+        }
+
        protected override void Dispose(bool isDisposing)
        {
            if (isDisposing)
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
+using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Ipc;
+using Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Kernel.Threading;
+using Ryujinx.Horizon.Common;
+using System;
+
+namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Am.AppletAE.AllSystemAppletProxiesService.SystemAppletProxy
+{
+    class ILockAccessor : IpcService
+    {
+        private readonly ServiceCtx _context;
+
+        private readonly Apm.ManagerServer _apmManagerServer;
+        private readonly Apm.SystemManagerServer _apmSystemManagerServer;
+        
+        private readonly KEvent _lockEvent;
+        private int _lockEventHandle;
+
+        public ILockAccessor(ServiceCtx context)
+        {
+            
+            _context = context;
+            
+            _apmManagerServer = new Apm.ManagerServer(context);
+            _apmSystemManagerServer = new Apm.SystemManagerServer(context);
+
+            _lockEvent = new KEvent(context.Device.System.KernelContext);
+        }
+
+        [CommandCmif(1)]
+        // TryLock(unknown u8 bool) -> unknown u8 bool
+        public ResultCode TryLock(ServiceCtx context)
+        {
+            // Official sw only uses inflag=false.
+            // Official sw just closes the output handle.
+            // The input flag controls whether this returns the output handle. 
+            bool unknown = context.RequestData.ReadBoolean();
+            Logger.Stub?.PrintStub(LogClass.ServiceAm, new { unknown });
+            
+            context.ResponseData.Write(false);
+            context.Response.HandleDesc = IpcHandleDesc.MakeCopy(_lockEventHandle);
+            
+            return ResultCode.Success;
+        }
+
+        [CommandCmif(2)]
+        // Unlock()
+        public ResultCode Unlock(ServiceCtx context)
+        {
+            Logger.Stub?.PrintStub(LogClass.ServiceAm);
+            return ResultCode.Success;
+        }
+
+        [CommandCmif(3)]
+        // GetEvent() -> EventHandle w/ autoclear = false
+        public ResultCode GetEvent(ServiceCtx context)
+        {
+            if (_lockEventHandle == 0)
+            {
+                if (context.Process.HandleTable.GenerateHandle(_lockEvent.ReadableEvent, out _lockEventHandle) != Result.Success)
+                {
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException("Out of handles!");
+                }
+            }
+            
+            context.Response.HandleDesc = IpcHandleDesc.MakeCopy(_lockEventHandle);
+            Logger.Stub?.PrintStub(LogClass.ServiceAm);
+            return ResultCode.Success;
+        }
+
+        [CommandCmif(4)] // 10.0.0+
+        // IsLocked() -> unknown u8 bool
+        public ResultCode IsLocked(ServiceCtx context)
+        {
+            Logger.Stub?.PrintStub(LogClass.ServiceAm);
+            context.ResponseData.Write(false);
+            return ResultCode.Success;
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -32,5 +32,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.HOS.Services.Am.AppletAE.AllSystemAppletProxiesService.Sys
        DetectShortPressingCaptureButton = 90,
        AlbumScreenShotTaken = 92,
        AlbumRecordingSaved = 93,
+        StartupLogoDisappeared = 95, // 21.0.0+
    }
 }
@@ -182,8 +182,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.Loaders.Processes
            ArmProcessContextFactory processContextFactory = new(
                context.Device.System.TickSource,
                context.Device.Gpu,
-                string.Empty,
-                string.Empty,
+                kip.ProgramId,
+                0,
+                kip.Version.ToString(),
+                ProcessResult.GetProcessKind(kip.ProgramId),
                false,
                null,
                codeAddress,
@@ -377,8 +379,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.Loaders.Processes
            ArmProcessContextFactory processContextFactory = new(
                context.Device.System.TickSource,
                context.Device.Gpu,
-                $"{programId:x16}",
+                programId,
+                programIndex,
                displayVersion,
+                ProcessResult.GetProcessKind(programId),
                diskCacheEnabled,
                diskCacheSelector,
                codeStart,
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.HLE.Loaders.Processes
            AllowCodeMemoryForJit = allowCodeMemoryForJit;
        }

-        private static ProcessKind GetProcessKind(ulong programId)
+        internal static ProcessKind GetProcessKind(ulong programId)
        {
            if (programId == 0)
            {
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.ShaderTools

            if (options.VertexPassthrough)
            {
-                program = translatorContext.GenerateVertexPassthroughForCompute();
+                (program, _) = translatorContext.GenerateVertexPassthroughForCompute();
            }
            else
            {
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ using Ryujinx.UI.Common.Configuration;
 using Ryujinx.UI.Common.Helper;
 using Silk.NET.Vulkan;
 using SkiaSharp;
+using SPB.Graphics.Exceptions;
 using SPB.Graphics.Vulkan;
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
@@ -654,8 +655,22 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava

            if (RendererHost.EmbeddedWindow is EmbeddedWindowOpenGL openGlWindow)
            {
-                // Try to bind the OpenGL context before calling the shutdown event.
-                openGlWindow.MakeCurrent(false, false);
+                try
+                {
+                    // Try to bind the OpenGL context before disposing GPU resources.
+                    openGlWindow.MakeCurrent();
+                }
+                catch (ContextException e) when (_userChannelPersistence.ShouldRestart)
+                {
+                    // ExecuteProgram may detach the old native window before GPU
+                    // disposal. Allow the old context to be released with the window
+                    // and continue the requested program relaunch.
+                    Logger.Warning?.Print(
+                        LogClass.UI,
+                        $"Failed to bind OpenGL context during program relaunch: {e}");
+
+                    return;
+                }

                Device.DisposeGpu();

@@ -1075,9 +1090,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava
        {
            Dispatcher.UIThread.InvokeAsync(() =>
            {
-                if (_viewModel.StartGamesInFullscreen)
+                if (_viewModel.StartGamesInFullscreen && _viewModel.WindowState is not WindowState.FullScreen)
                {
-                    _viewModel.WindowState = WindowState.FullScreen;
+                    // Use the view model toggle so decoration ordering matches user toggles.
+                    _viewModel.ToggleFullscreen();
                }

                if (_viewModel.WindowState == WindowState.FullScreen || _viewModel.StartGamesWithoutUI)
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ using Ryujinx.Ava.Common.Locale;
 using Ryujinx.Ava.UI.ViewModels;
 using Ryujinx.UI.Common.Models;
 using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;

 namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Windows
@@ -81,20 +83,17 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Ava.UI.Windows

        private void OnSelectionChanged(object sender, SelectionChangedEventArgs e)
        {
-            foreach (object content in e.AddedItems)
+            List<XCITrimmerFileModel> added = [.. e.AddedItems.OfType<XCITrimmerFileModel>()];
+            List<XCITrimmerFileModel> removed = [.. e.RemovedItems.OfType<XCITrimmerFileModel>()];
+
+            foreach (XCITrimmerFileModel applicationData in added)
            {
-                if (content is XCITrimmerFileModel applicationData)
-                {
-                    ViewModel.Select(applicationData);
-                }
+                ViewModel.Select(applicationData);
            }

-            foreach (object content in e.RemovedItems)
+            foreach (XCITrimmerFileModel applicationData in removed)
            {
-                if (content is XCITrimmerFileModel applicationData)
-                {
-                    ViewModel.Deselect(applicationData);
-                }
+                ViewModel.Deselect(applicationData);
            }
        }
    }
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
gdkchan	f0042df343	Start building more accurate vertex as compute usage info - Fixes	2026-08-29 17:43:28 -05:00
gdkchan	4b6330374c	Flip viewport based on screen scissor when Y negate is enabled	2026-08-29 17:43:27 -05:00
gdkchan	7e209bfe8f	Single block mode for LightningJit	2026-08-29 17:43:27 -05:00
gdkchan	a5c54d324d	Do not set render targets as modified for discard-only draws - Shader cache version bump	2026-08-29 17:43:27 -05:00
gdkchan	766b86ff8b	Prevent waits with zero timeout on Turnip	2026-08-29 17:43:27 -05:00
gdkchan	9494a59d51	Implement PRMT shader instruction	2026-08-29 17:43:27 -05:00
gdkchan	9b0db4d4a8	Precise tracking of current PC address	2026-08-29 17:43:26 -05:00
gdkchan	a289a05055	Implement buffer texture alignment	2026-08-29 17:43:26 -05:00
gdkchan	473b92136c	Add an alternative queue, used on macOS to work around SPIRV-Cross stack overflows - Increase stack size to 2MB	2026-08-29 17:43:26 -05:00
KeatonTheBot	fc4c45ef1d	UI: Fix XCI file trimmer selection crash	2026-08-29 17:33:11 -05:00
Neo	52c6a1890e	Improve "Add raw copy dependencies for incompatible textures" Initial PR was made by Avan for Ryubing. This allows for Trails in the Sky 1st Chapter (and by extension Trails through Daybreak, Trails through Daybreak II, Trails Beyond the Horizon, and the future Trails in the Sky 2nd Chapter – tested via demo – to be fully playable. Initial PR caused issues on macOS devices, specifically crashing in certain games (such as Mario Kart 8 Deluxe and the aforementioned Trails games). It was reverted on the original Ryubing project (at the time of writing this description) for causing small rendering issues on The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild. The rendering issues do not appear on macOS. This commit improves the original PR by eliminating said macOS crash. Trails in the Sky 1st writes its exposure/brightness value through an R32G32Float 1x1 texture and later reads the raw bits back through an R32Uint 2x1 texture mapped to the same guest memory. The two texture formats/dimensions are fully incompatible as texture views, so they end up as separate host textures, and nothing kept their contents coherent - the reader saw stale zeroed data, making the exposure calculation (and the rendered image) too dark. (This is the initial fix for the game) TextureGroup already had a raw-copy dependency mechanism intended to handle this class of alias (TextureDependency, TextureGroupHandle raw-copy plumbing), gated by CanCreateRawCopyDependency's strict same-guest-memory checks. This commit fixes three bugs that kept that mechanism from working correctly (and thus crashing Trails and other games, such as Mario Kart 8 Deluxe): (1) TextureGroup.InitializeOverlaps() and TextureGroup.RegisterIncompatibleOverlap() only forwarded overlaps to CreateCopyDependency() when compatibility was LayoutIncompatible or better, silently excluding the fully Incompatible case the raw-copy path exists for. Widened both guards to let Incompatible overlaps through so CanCreateRawCopyDependency actually gets a chance to run. (2) Once Incompatible overlaps were allowed through, CreateCopyDependency(TextureGroup, ...) could still fall back to a regular, non-raw textureCopy for such pairs, since ViewLayoutCompatible/CopySizeMatches only check byte size and were never meant to reason about fully incompatible pairs (e.g. a depth format aliasing a color format with the same byte size). On Vulkan running through MoltenVK on macOS, that non-raw copy path requires a pixel-format-reinterpreting texture view, and MoltenVK/Metal refuses to create any view onto a depth-format texture ("not castable"), aborting emulation. textureCopy is now forced false for Incompatible pairs, leaving raw copy (which already excludes depth/stencil formats) as the only route for that severity level. (3) TextureGroupHandle.Inherit() copied a handle's pending DeferredCopy to the new handle when a view was recreated, but did not copy DeferredCopyRaw alongside it. A handle that inherited a pending raw copy would then execute it through the regular (non-raw) CopyTo path once acknowledged, reinterpreting the source bytes with the wrong row layout and corrupting the image - visible as vertical flickering stripes whenever a view happened to be recreated with a raw copy still pending. DeferredCopyRaw is now carried over together with DeferredCopy. (As mentioned earlier, vertical stripes aren't present on macOS, so (3) doesn't negatively have an effect on macOS in any way).	2026-08-29 10:00:58 -05:00
MaxandMythrax	2288084b53	HLE: Implemented ILockAccessor and ICommonStateGetter commands and stubs for Virtual Boy – Nintendo Classics #3 - Moves emulation past the initial frame by providing the necessary inputs the game expects. Apparently games like to spin until they get what they want. Co-authored-by: Mythrax <mythrax@mythrax-rs.org>	2026-08-29 09:49:39 -05:00
Babib3l	dd519a32b6	Hotfix for the PTC version, it's adjacent comment and PTC writer logging	2026-08-29 09:49:39 -05:00
Babib3l	7be8829b0a	Wire "Start games in fullscreen" option to use the new fullscreen behaviour Final (hopefully) fix for https://github.com/Ryubing/Issues/issues/415	2026-08-25 14:51:02 -05:00
Renovate Bot	6225e142fc	Update Svg.Controls to 12.0.0.15 (#22 ) This PR contains the following updates: \| Package \| Change \| [Age](https://docs.renovatebot.com/merge-confidence/) \| [Confidence](https://docs.renovatebot.com/merge-confidence/) \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| [Svg.Controls.Avalonia](https://github.com/wieslawsoltes/Svg.Skia) \| `12.0.0.13` → `12.0.0.15` \| ![age](https://developer.mend.io/api/mc/badges/age/nuget/Svg.Controls.Avalonia/12.0.0.15?slim=true) \| ![confidence](https://developer.mend.io/api/mc/badges/confidence/nuget/Svg.Controls.Avalonia/12.0.0.13/12.0.0.15?slim=true) \| \| [Svg.Controls.Skia.Avalonia](https://github.com/wieslawsoltes/Svg.Skia) \| `12.0.0.13` → `12.0.0.15` \| ![age](https://developer.mend.io/api/mc/badges/age/nuget/Svg.Controls.Skia.Avalonia/12.0.0.15?slim=true) \| ![confidence](https://developer.mend.io/api/mc/badges/confidence/nuget/Svg.Controls.Skia.Avalonia/12.0.0.13/12.0.0.15?slim=true) \| --- ### Configuration 📅 Schedule: (UTC) - Branch creation - At any time (no schedule defined) - Automerge - At any time (no schedule defined) 🚦 Automerge: Disabled by config. Please merge this manually once you are satisfied. ♻ Rebasing: Whenever PR becomes conflicted, or you tick the rebase/retry checkbox. 🔕 Ignore: Close this PR and you won't be reminded about these updates again. --- - [ ] <!-- rebase-check -->If you want to rebase/retry this PR, check this box --- This PR has been generated by [Mend Renovate](https://github.com/renovatebot/renovate). <!--renovate-debug:eyJjcmVhdGVkSW5WZXIiOiI0My4yNDkuNSIsInVwZGF0ZWRJblZlciI6IjQzLjI0OS41IiwidGFyZ2V0QnJhbmNoIjoibWFzdGVyIiwibGFiZWxzIjpbXX0=--> Reviewed-on: https://git.ryujinx.app/projects/Kenji-NX/pulls/22	2026-08-25 04:17:37 +00:00
Renovate Bot	9e3c03a606	Update dependency FluentAvaloniaUI to 3.1.0 (#21 ) This PR contains the following updates: \| Package \| Change \| [Age](https://docs.renovatebot.com/merge-confidence/) \| [Confidence](https://docs.renovatebot.com/merge-confidence/) \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| [FluentAvaloniaUI](https://github.com/amwx/FluentAvalonia) \| `3.0.2` → `3.1.0` \| ![age](https://developer.mend.io/api/mc/badges/age/nuget/FluentAvaloniaUI/3.1.0?slim=true) \| ![confidence](https://developer.mend.io/api/mc/badges/confidence/nuget/FluentAvaloniaUI/3.0.2/3.1.0?slim=true) \| --- ### Configuration 📅 Schedule: (UTC) - Branch creation - At any time (no schedule defined) - Automerge - At any time (no schedule defined) 🚦 Automerge: Disabled by config. Please merge this manually once you are satisfied. ♻ Rebasing: Whenever PR becomes conflicted, or you tick the rebase/retry checkbox. 🔕 Ignore: Close this PR and you won't be reminded about this update again. --- - [ ] <!-- rebase-check -->If you want to rebase/retry this PR, check this box --- This PR has been generated by [Mend Renovate](https://github.com/renovatebot/renovate). <!--renovate-debug:eyJjcmVhdGVkSW5WZXIiOiI0My4yNDkuNSIsInVwZGF0ZWRJblZlciI6IjQzLjI0OS41IiwidGFyZ2V0QnJhbmNoIjoibWFzdGVyIiwibGFiZWxzIjpbXX0=--> Reviewed-on: https://git.ryujinx.app/projects/Kenji-NX/pulls/21	2026-08-25 02:46:07 +00:00
KeatonTheBot	8e9bcb2a8e	Update System.IO.Hashing to 10.0.11	2026-08-24 15:32:05 -05:00
Babib3l	7101f52c01	River 2 : HLE: Use per-program ownership for PTC disk caches This PR threads process/program identity into PTC disk cache initialization so cache ownership is selected from the launched process rather than global/shared application state. Previously, the PTC initialization path only propagated loose title/version information into the CPU layer. That was mostly fine for a single launched application, but will introduce many problems once multiple programs can be launched during the same session, given later processes could inherit cache identity from the first loaded application. To address this issue, this PR introduces a `PtcCacheInfo` payload and applies it through the process context, CPU context, translator, and PTC initialization paths. Cache ownership is now resolved once the kernel process PID is known and includes: - PID - Program ID / Title ID - Application ID - Program index - Display version - Process kind - Cache selector `PtcCacheInfo` now owns its default title/application/version values, and `Ptc` uses that cache info directly instead of mirroring title/version fields internally. The persistent cache key itself does remains title/version/selector based rather than PID based, so caches remain reusable across launches while still being selected from the correct process context. PID is only used for diagnostics and ownership tracing in logs. Additional PTC logging has also been added to report cache ownership and selected paths during PTC initialization, Profiling info load/save and translation cache load/save Both the PTC and profiler internal versions were bumped (a bunch of times lol).	2026-08-24 13:45:08 -05:00
avan	e80fc00462	Fix view compatibility for compressed textures with different logical sizes It has been confirmed that Divinity: Original Sin 2 may describe the same or overlapping guest GPU memory using BCn-compressed textures with different logical dimensions, such as 104×104 and 102×102. BCn formats store texture data in blocks, with each BC block covering 4×4 texels. After rounding the dimensions up to complete blocks, both 104×104 and 102×102 textures require a 26×26 grid of BC blocks. As a result, they have the same block footprint at the base mip level. Ryujinx originally determined size compatibility in TextureCompatibility.ViewSizeMatches() primarily from this block footprint, which could cause these textures to be classified as Full view-compatible and allowed to share the same Vulkan VkImage directly. However, because the two textures have different logical dimensions, their mip chains are also different. For example, at mip level 3, a 104×104 texture is reduced to 13×13, while a 102×102 texture is reduced to 12×12. If a 104×104 child texture view shares the backing image of a 102×102 parent texture, a subsequent full mip upload may attempt to write 13×13 compressed data into a Vulkan image subresource whose actual dimensions are only 12×12. This produces a compressed buffer-to-image copy that does not match the geometry of the backing image. After the invalid command is submitted to the GPU, the Vulkan driver may asynchronously report VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST during command buffer submission, waiting, or presentation. In Ryujinx, this eventually appears as: VulkanException: Unexpected API error "ErrorDeviceLost". The fix adds a logical-dimension check to TextureCompatibility.ViewSizeMatches(). If either the parent or child uses a compressed texture format, and the actual width or height of the corresponding parent mip does not match the logical width or height of the child, the relationship is no longer classified as Full view-compatible. Instead, it is downgraded to CopyOnly. CopyOnly indicates that the two textures may still describe the same or overlapping guest memory and that their contents must remain synchronized, but they cannot directly share a single fixed-size Vulkan image. Ryujinx instead allows each texture to retain a host texture matching its own logical dimensions and synchronizes their contents through the existing copy-dependency mechanism. As a result, the 13×13 mip of the 104×104 texture is uploaded to an actual 13×13 destination mip, while the 12×12 mip of the 102×102 texture is uploaded to an actual 12×12 destination mip.	2026-08-22 18:51:41 -05:00
avan	33cbd29c23	Fix bindless elimination failures observed in OCTOPATH TRAVELER 0: Failed to find handle source for bindless access of type "textureBuffer".	2026-08-22 18:51:41 -05:00
avan	cfc7c6039f	Fix OpenGL program relaunch The Enhanced and Classic versions of FFT are different program indices within the same application. When the Classic version is launched, the game uses ExecuteProgram to stop the current program, trigger DisposeGpu, create a new renderer and OpenGL context, and then launch the requested program. Previously, when AppHost executed DisposeGpu, it attempted to bind the old OpenGL context and then called Device.DisposeGpu to destroy GPU resources. During the program relaunch flow, however, the old RendererHost may already have been removed from the visual tree, causing its native window to become detached. If the old OpenGL context can no longer be bound, a ContextException is thrown, preventing the subsequent AppExit and program relaunch flow from continuing. The updated implementation handles this case by detecting a ContextException while binding the OpenGL context when ShouldRestart is true. It then skips the destruction of GPU resources that depend on the old OpenGL context, allowing the old context to be released together with the old window. The AppExit and program relaunch flow can then continue without being interrupted.	2026-08-22 18:51:41 -05:00
avan	ac6db0fe76	Fix Vulkan/OpenGL attachmentless rendering Some fragment passes used by FFT do not have any color or depth/stencil attachments. Instead, the fragment shader writes the results directly to storage images (on OpenGL: through imageStore). ### Vulkan When SetImage is called and FramebufferParams has no attachments, its virtual size must be updated using the width, height, and layer count of the fragment storage image. Otherwise, the attachmentless framebuffer may retain an incorrect 1x1 extent, causing backgrounds, logos, UI elements, and other rendered content to be missing. If the first draw occurs before the storage-image descriptor is rebound, SetImage cannot yet provide the correct storage-image dimensions. Therefore, when RecreateGraphicsPipelineIfNeeded finds that FramebufferParams has no attachments and still uses the default 1x1 extent, it initializes the framebuffer dimensions from the active viewport. Otherwise, the first Vulkan draw may be restricted to a 1x1 area and render incorrectly. The storage-image extent is therefore used as the authoritative size for FramebufferParams, while the active viewport is used as a fallback when the storage-image extent is not yet available before the first draw. ### OpenGL A storage image is not a framebuffer attachment, so OpenGL cannot derive the framebuffer width and height from it. When the framebuffer has no attachments but a viewport with valid dimensions has already been defined, Pipeline.PreDraw must set the default framebuffer width and height from the active viewport. Without non-zero default width and height values, the attachmentless framebuffer remains incomplete. Drawing with that framebuffer results in InvalidFramebufferOperation, so rasterization and fragment shader execution do not occur even when the storage images are bound correctly.	2026-08-22 18:51:41 -05:00